Do empirically-derived personality subtypes relate to cognitive inflexibility in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Background: Accruing evidence suggests that personality-based approaches to eating disorder classification may offer several advantages over current diagnostic models, with prior research consistently identifying three personality-based groups characterized by either (1) high levels of impulsivity and dysregulation (termed the "undercontrolled" group), (2) high levels of rigidity and avoidance (termed the "overcontrolled" group), or (3) relatively normative levels of personality functioning (termed the "low psychopathology" group). Cognitive inflexibility (i.e.

Adolescents' neural responses to their parents' emotions: associations with emotion regulation, internalizing symptoms, and substance use.

Parental emotion expression has been linked to adolescent emotional and psychopathology development. However, neural responses to parental emotion are not well characterized. The present study examined associations between adolescents' neural responses to parent emotion and adolescents' emotion regulation (ER) difficulties, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and substance use (SU).

Behavioral and cardiac responses to a model startle test to assess retired Thoroughbred racehorses for equestrians.

Importance: Equine behavioral traits are important criteria to assess the suitability of retired Thoroughbred racehorses for equestrian sports.

Objective: This study aims to develop a practical procedure to assess retired Thoroughbreds for their suitability for equestrian sports or leisure purposes and to assess if horses identified as having reactive temperaments in response to a standardized startle test, will have improved test results following a period of transition training.

Methods: Behavioral reactivity data and cardiac autonomic responses to a startle test (comprising of a plastic bag applied to the neck area) were collected from twelve retired Thoroughbred racehorses (6 males and 6 females; average age: 4.

Negative emotion differentiation buffers against intergenerational risk for social anxiety in at-risk adolescent girls.

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) tends to emerge during adolescence and is more prevalent among those assigned female at birth. Parental social anxiety confers risk for adolescent SAD but less is known regarding protective factors. Research suggests that emotion differentiation (the ability to discriminate between similarly valenced emotions, e.