Improved detection of extrapulmonary and paucibacillary pulmonary tuberculosis by Xpert MTB Host Response in a TB low endemic, high resource setting.

Background: Xpert MTB-Host Response (MTB-HR) has reached WHO test targets for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with high bacillary loads. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of MTB-HR as a non-sputum, near point-of-care (POC) method for diagnosis of other prioritized groups, where MTB detection is more complicated, such as extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and paucibacillary PTB.

Methods: Individuals with presumed TB disease were prospectively included in Stockholm, Sweden (n=307) and underwent MTB-HR venous and capillary testing in parallel.

Systematic review: predictive value of organoids in colorectal cancer.

While chemotherapy alone or in combination with radiotherapy and surgery are important modalities in the treatment of colorectal cancer, their widespread use is not paired with an abundance of diagnostic tools to match individual patients with the most effective standard-of-care chemo- or radiotherapy regimens. Patient-derived organoids are tumour-derived structures that have been shown to retain certain aspects of the tissue of origin. We present here a systematic review of studies that have tested the performance of patient derived organoids to predict the effect of anti-cancer therapies in colorectal cancer, for chemotherapies, targeted drugs, and radiation therapy, and we found overall a positive predictive value of 68% and a negative predictive value of 78% for organoid informed treatment, which outperforms response rates observed with empirically guided treatment selection.

A protein signature associated with active tuberculosis identified by plasma profiling and network-based analysis.

Annually, approximately 10 million people are diagnosed with active tuberculosis (TB), and 1.4 million die of the disease. If left untreated, each person with active TB will infect 10-15 new individuals.

Proteomics Profiling of Human Synovial Fluid Suggests Increased Protein Interplay in Early-Osteoarthritis (OA) That Is Lost in Late-Stage OA.

The underlying molecular mechanisms in osteoarthritis (OA) development are largely unknown. This study explores the proteome and the pairwise interplay of proteins in synovial fluid from patients with late-stage knee OA (arthroplasty), early knee OA (arthroscopy due to degenerative meniscal tear), and from deceased controls without knee OA. Synovial fluid samples were analyzed using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry with data-independent acquisition.

High Dimensional Immune Profiling Reveals Different Response Patterns in Active and Latent Tuberculosis Following Stimulation With Mycobacterial Glycolipids.

Upon infection with (Mtb) the host immune response might clear the bacteria, control its growth leading to latent tuberculosis (LTB), or fail to control its growth resulting in active TB (ATB). There is however no clear understanding of the features underlying a more or less effective response. Mtb glycolipids are abundant in the bacterial cell envelope and modulate the immune response to Mtb, but the patterns of response to glycolipids are still underexplored.