[PRIME EDITING - a new method of editing genes].

The Prime Editing method introduces the expected manipulations within a given genome with a Cas9-nicase and pegRNA structure and a reverse transcriptase, which is responsible for the synthesis of the segment, which is then incorporated into the edited strand. This technique is based on the previously discovered CRISPR/Cas9 method. It differs from CRISPR/Cas9 in the absence of double cracks within the DNA helix, which is due to its complex structure, including the presence of additional elements, i.

Universal mtDNA fragment for Cervidae barcoding species identification using phylogeny and preliminary analysis of machine learning approach.

The aim of the study was to use total DNA obtained from bone material to identify species of free-living animals based on the analysis of mtDNA fragments by molecular methods using accurate bioinformatics tools Bayesian approach and the machine learning approach. In our research, we present a case study of successful species identification based on degraded samples of bone, with the use of short mtDNA fragments. For better barcoding, we used molecular and bioinformatics methods.

An Overview of Factors Affecting the Functional Quality of Common Wheat ( L.).

Wheat ( L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide, and, as a resilient cereal, it grows in various climatic zones. Due to changing climatic conditions and naturally occurring environmental fluctuations, the priority problem in the cultivation of wheat is to improve the quality of the crop.

[CRISPR/Cas as the intelligent immune system of bacteria and archea].

The invention of CRISPR is considered to be one of the most breakthrough discoveries in recent years in the history of biology, biotechnology, medicine, as well as the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. The methods developed using CRISPR create new, previously unattainable possibilities that can significantly improve the quality of life. From the invention of this intelligent immune system to the present day, much research has been done using the CRISPR/Cas systems.

Natural Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Hyperaccumulation and Hypertolerance towards Heavy Metals.

The main mechanism of plant tolerance is the avoidance of metal uptake, whereas the main mechanism of hyperaccumulation is the uptake and neutralization of metals through specific plant processes. These include the formation of symbioses with rhizosphere microorganisms, the secretion of substances into the soil and metal immobilization, cell wall modification, changes in the expression of genes encoding heavy metal transporters, heavy metal ion chelation, and sequestration, and regenerative heat-shock protein production. The aim of this work was to review the natural plant mechanisms that contribute towards increased heavy metal accumulation and tolerance, as well as a review of the hyperaccumulator phytoremediation capacity.