Factors Enhancing Resilience Among Youth Exposed to Macro-Level Violence in Spanish-Speaking Countries in Latin America.

This scoping review aimed to synthesize current literature on strengths associated with resilience and well-being among youth in Spanish-speaking Latin American countries exposed to macro-level violence and by type of exposure (i.e., political, community, and anti-LGBTQ+ violence and child soldiers)-guided by the Resilience Portfolio Model (RPM).

Ultra-fast single-crystal CVD diamonds in the particle time-of-flight (PTOF) detector for low yield burn-history measurements on the NIF (invited).

The Particle Time of Flight (PTOF) diagnostic is a chemical vapor deposition diamond-based detector and is the only diagnostic for measuring nuclear bang times of low yield (<1013) shots on the National Ignition Facility. Recently, a comprehensive study of detector impulse responses revealed certain detectors with very fast and consistent impulse responses with a rise time of <50 ps, enabling low yield burn history measurements. At the current standoff of 50 cm, this measurement is possible with fast 14 MeV neutrons from deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion plasmas.

Neutron-induced backgrounds in coaxial cables on the South Pole neutron time-of-flight detector at the National Ignition Facility.

As neutron yields increase at fusion facilities, a universal symptom the community must deal with is MeV neutron-induced backgrounds in cables running to diagnostics. On the first Gain >1 plasmas in the world, the National Ignition Facility (NIF) neutron time-of-flight (nToF) diagnostic registered significant cable backgrounds that compromised key performance measurements. The South Pole nToF is uniquely located inside the NIF Target Bay shield walls, ∼18 m from the fusion source, and consequently has long coaxial cable runs (>20 m) that see significant neutron fluence.

Inferring fusion nuclear burnwidths with low gain photomultiplier impulse response functions.

When an inertial confinement fusion implosion is compressed, it maintains thermonuclear density and temperatures for a very short time scale, about 100 ps. The Gamma Reaction History diagnostic measures the time evolution of the fusion burn, but its temporal resolution is limited by the use of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) to amplify the photon signal. Multichannel plate-based PMTs have a fast (∼120 ps) full-width at half-max impulse response function (IRF), but the time scale is similar to the incoming physics signal.

Diagnosing up-scattered deuterium-tritium fusion neutrons produced in burning plasmas at the National Ignition Facility (invited).

In the push to higher performance fusion plasmas, two critical quantities to diagnose are α-heat deposition that can improve and impurities mixed into the plasma that can limit performance. In high-density, highly collisional inertial confinement fusion burning plasmas, there is a significant probability that deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion products, 14.1 MeV neutrons and 3.