Dyslexia in the 21st century: revisiting the consensus definition.

Two decades after the International Dyslexia Association (IDA) adopted the 2002 consensus definition of dyslexia, this special issue of the Annals of Dyslexia revisits that definition in light of advances in scientific understanding and evolving needs. Through contributions from leading researchers and interdisciplinary teams, the issue examines the strengths and limitations of the definition as it has been applied in research, policy, and practice. Key themes emerged, which included reconsidering the need to include the neurobiological basis of dyslexia in the definition, the intersection of literacy challenges and mental health, and the role of context in shaping how dyslexia is defined.

Nutritional counselling and risk factors for obesity: an observational study in toddlers.

Background: Nutrition exerts a fundamental role in the prevention of obesity (OB). The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which well recognized risk factors for early OB can be associated to overweight (OW) or OB under a standardized nutritional approach and surveillance in toddlers.

Methods: The eligible population was represented by 676 toddlers aged 24-36 months, assigned to 18 primary care pediatricians trained on nutritional issues who shared a standardized nutritional approach.

Saponin TQL1055 adjuvant-containing vaccine confers protection upon challenge in mice.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular pathogen (), affects the lungs of infected individuals (pulmonary TB) but can also affect other sites (extrapulmonary TB). The only licensed vaccine bacillus (BCG) protects infants and young children but exhibits variable efficacy in protecting against adult pulmonary TB. Poor compliance and prolonged treatment regimens associated with the use of chemotherapy has contributed to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) .

Best practices, errors, and perspectives of half a century of plant translocation in Italy.

Conservation translocations are becoming common conservation practice, so there is an increasing need to understand the drivers of plant translocation performance through reviews of cases at global and regional levels. The establishment of the Italian Database of Plant Translocation (IDPlanT) provides the opportunity to review the techniques used in 186 plant translocation cases performed in the last 50 years in the heart of the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot. We described techniques and information available in IDPlanT and used these data to identify drivers of translocation outcomes.