Maize monoculture supported pre-Columbian urbanism in southwestern Amazonia.

The Casarabe culture (500-1400 CE), spreading over roughly 4,500 km of the monumental mounds region of the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivia, is one of the clearest examples of urbanism in pre-Columbian (pre-1492 CE) Amazonia. It exhibits a four-tier hierarchical settlement pattern, with hundreds of monumental mounds interconnected by canals and causeways. Despite archaeological evidence indicating that maize was cultivated by this society, it is unknown whether it was the staple crop and which type of agricultural farming system was used to support this urban-scale society.

The school environment in the experience of children with special health needs: a qualitative study.

Objective: To understand the experience of children with special health needs at school.

Method: Qualitative research using Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical framework and assumptions of Grounded Theory as a methodological framework. Data collected in a pediatric outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in an inland city of the state of São Paulo.

Structural analysis of socioeconomic factors and school jet lag in traumatic dental injury among children.

The objective of this study was to analyze the directions by which school jet lag is associated with traumatic dental injury in children, evaluating direct and indirect effects of socioeconomic factors and sleep. A representative, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren eight to ten years of age. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and the Circadian Energy Scale.

Low oral health literacy, dental caries, and school features are associated with reasons for seeking dental services among adolescents.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate associations between reasons for seeking dental services, considering the last dental appointment of adolescents, and their educational features, socioeconomic and oral health status, and oral health literacy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 746 adolescents aged 15-19 years in Campina Grande (Paraíba), Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a socioeconomic questionnaire.