First Upper Triassic Diptera (Insecta) from Germany.

First Upper Triassic dipterans (Nematocera) are described based on isolated wings from Fuchsberg near Seinstedt (Sevatian, uppermost Norian of Lower Saxony, Germany): Crivoptychoptera nebrias gen. et sp. nov.

The oldest Diptera (Insecta) from the Upper Buntsandstein (early Middle Triassic) of Europe.

The fossil record of Triassic Diptera is still poor, with the oldest dipteran assemblage described from the Upper Buntsandstein of the 'Grs Voltzia Formation (early Anisian, France). From the stratigraphically closest insect fauna of the Rt Formation of Lower Franconia, Germany, the first Diptera, Bashkonia franconica gen. et sp.

Mouthparts of nectar-feeding Tanyderidae (Insecta: Diptera): lapping and siphoning.

Mouthparts of adult Tanyderidae are examined in detail for the first time, with emphasis on scanning electron microscopy. A full set of mouthparts, devoid of conspicuous dentation or serration and showing no differences between sexes, was found in both examined species, Eutanyderus wilsoni Alexander, 1928 and Peringueyomyina barnardi Alexander, 1921. The mouthparts are elongated into a proboscis in E.

Review of Mesozoic Perissommatidae (Insecta: Diptera).

Perissommatidae is a peculiar relict nematoceran family with one extant genus inhabiting Australia and South America. The family is known since the Middle Jurassic, but the fossil record is very poor and is restricted to Asia. The description of three species of Collessomma gen.

Review of the fossil record of Bittacomorphinae (Diptera: Ptychopteridae).

The fossil record of Bittacomorphinae is poor. The two extant bittacomorphine genera are unknown as fossils and only two extinct genera, each with two species, have been described earlier: Zhiganka Lukashevich, 1995 from the Mesozoic of Eurasia and Probittacomorpha Freiwald et Willmann, 1992 from the Cenozoic of Europe. Both previously known species of Zhiganka have each been described based on a single isolated wing.