[Functional assessment of internal carotid artery tortuosity in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis].

The review is devoted to diagnosis and treatment of internal carotid artery tortuosity. The authors consider modern classification, epidemiology and diagnostic options using neuroimaging or ultrasound-assisted functional stress tests depending on medical history and complaints. In addition to standard Doppler ultrasound, rotational and orthostatic tests are advisable due to possible changes of local shape and hemodynamic parameters following body position changes, especially in patients with concomitant atherosclerotic stenosis.

[Dynamic functional assessment of internal carotid artery tortuosity in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis].

A personalized approach with attention to anamnesis and specific symptoms is necessary in patients with internal carotid artery tortuosity. Neuroimaging (especially before elective surgery) or functional stress tests following ultrasound of supra-aortic vessels may be necessary depending on medical history and complaints. In addition to standard Doppler ultrasound, these patients should undergo rotational and orthostatic transformation tests.

An analysis of blood flow indicators in pathological kinked internal carotid arteries with their orthostatic and rotational positions.

Aim: To assess the dynamics of blood flow in patients with hemodynamically significant pathological kinked internal carotid arteries (PK ICA) with their orthostatic and rotational positions.

Material And Methods: Eighty-six patients, including 35 with PK ICA due to fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and 51 with PK ICA due to hypertensive heart disease, and 20 healthy people were examined. All patients underwent Doppler ultrasound scanning.

[Carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting: optimal therapeutic decision-making for patients with carotid artery stenoses].

The work was aimed at comparatively studying the outcomes of carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting for optimal therapeutic decision-making in patients presenting with carotid artery stenoses. We examined and treated a total of one hundred and sixty-seven patients. In the group of endarterectomy, we performed a total of 91 operations in 85 patients, and in the group of carotid stenting, a total of 87 stenting procedures were carried out on the internal carotid artery with cerebral protection in 82 patients.

[Role of entropy-based neuromonitoring during cardiac surgery].

The paper deals with a role of spectral entropy-based neuromonitoring at cardiac surgery. Eighty cardiosurgical patients were examined. The depth of entropy-based anesthesia was monitored in all the patients.