Enhancing Water Safety: Exploring Recent Technological Approaches for Drowning Detection.

Drowning poses a significant threat, resulting in unexpected injuries and fatalities. To promote water sports activities, it is crucial to develop surveillance systems that enhance safety around pools and waterways. This paper presents an overview of recent advancements in drowning detection, with a specific focus on image processing and sensor-based methods.

Attraction, selection, and attrition in online health communities: Initial conversations and their association with subsequent activity levels.

Background: The effectiveness of online health communities (OHCs) for improving outcomes for health care consumers, health professionals, and health services has already been well investigated. However, research on determinants of OHC users' activity levels, what is associated with attrition or attraction to these communities, and the impacts of initial posts is limited.

Objectives: We sought to explore topic exchanges in OHCs and determine how users' initial posts and community reactions to them are associated with their subsequent activity levels.

CALIPSO (IIR-CALIOP) Retrievals of Cirrus Cloud Ice Particle Concentrations.

A new satellite remote sensing method is described whereby the sensitivity of thermal infrared wave resonance absorption to small ice crystals is exploited to estimate cirrus cloud ice particle number concentration N, effective diameter D, and ice water content IWC. This method uses co-located observations from the Infrared Imaging Radiometer (IIR) and from the CALIOP () lidar aboard the CALIPSO ( polar orbiting satellite, employing IIR channels at 10.6 μm and 12.