[Unexplained anemia in the elderly, what advances?].

Prevalence of anemia in the elderly is high, increases with age and is most often mild. Etiological diagnosis is made in about 70 % of cases, leaving 30 % of unexplained anemia. The unexplained cases are probably multifactorial in relation to usual etiologies of anemia but not detected due to inappropriate diagnosis criteria for advanced age.

[Anaphylaxis: an update].

Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of acute systemic allergic reaction and can be fatal in the absence of adequate treatment with adrenaline. We propose to review the different mechanisms underlying anaphylaxis, as well as the diagnostic criteria and its management regarding the 2020 guidelines of the World Allergy Organization (WAO).

[Opiophobia : a current, well-founded and historical fear - What are the issues for palliative care ?].

Opiophobia is one of the principal causes of opioids' under-prescription in palliative care. From periods of abuse to times where their use was banned - which is still the case in some countries - the history of opioids is complex and it partially explains opiophobia. One of the main concern about the use of opioids is the risk of -dependence.

Kinetics of Alexandrium minutum Halim toxin accumulation in mussels and clams.

Mussels (Mytilus edulis) and clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) were contaminated experimentally using cultures of Alexandrium minutum, a toxic dinoflagellate isolated from French coastal waters. Experiments were carried out in continually flushed and open-circuit systems using Alexandrium densities of 100 to 700 cells/ml delivered to tanks containing the shellfish. All experiments indicated an inversion of the relative proportions of gonyautoxins (GTX2 and GTX3) in shellfish meat during decontamination, whereas saxitoxin (STX) only accumulated during mussel depuration.