Pleozymes: Pleiotropic Oxidized Carbon Nanozymes Enhance Cellular Metabolic Flexibility.

Our group has synthesized a pleiotropic synthetic nanozyme redox mediator we term a "pleozyme" that displays multiple enzymatic characteristics, including acting as a superoxide dismutase mimetic, oxidizing NADH to NAD, and oxidizing HS to polysulfides and thiosulfate. Benefits have been seen in acute and chronic neurological disease models. The molecule is sourced from coconut-derived activated charcoal that has undergone harsh oxidization with fuming nitric acid, which alters the structure and chemical characteristics, yielding 3-8 nm discs with broad redox potential.

Harshly Oxidized Activated Charcoal Enhances Protein Persulfidation with Implications for Neurodegeneration as Exemplified by Friedreich's Ataxia.

Harsh acid oxidation of activated charcoal transforms an insoluble carbon-rich source into water-soluble, disc structures of graphene decorated with multiple oxygen-containing functionalities. We term these pleiotropic nano-enzymes as "pleozymes". A broad redox potential spans many crucial redox reactions including the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (HS) to polysulfides and thiosulfate, dismutation of the superoxide radical (O*), and oxidation of NADH to NAD.

SOD1 Is an Integral Yet Insufficient Oxidizer of Hydrogen Sulfide in Trisomy 21 B Lymphocytes and Can Be Augmented by a Pleiotropic Carbon Nanozyme.

Down syndrome (DS) is a multisystemic disorder that includes accelerated aging caused by trisomy 21. In particular, overexpression of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) is linked to excess intracellular hydrogen sulfide (HS), a mitochondrial toxin at higher concentrations, which impairs cellular viability. Concurrent overexpression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) may increase oxidative stress by generating excess hydrogen peroxide (HO) while also mitigating the toxic HS burden via a non-canonical sulfide-oxidizing mechanism.

Permanent draft genome sequences of cadmium-resistant isolates of from soils within the Tar Creek Superfund site.

Soil samples taken near the abandoned town of Picher, OK, USA, were used to enrich and isolate bacteria in the presence of cadmium. Isolates reported belong to the genus . Here, we report their permanent draft sequences with an emphasis on genes conferring resistance to cadmium.