Effects of Oxytocin and Vasopressin on Preferential Brain Responses to Negative Social Feedback.

Receiving negative social feedback can be detrimental to emotional, cognitive, and physical well-being, and fear of negative social feedback is a prominent feature of mental illnesses that involve social anxiety. A large body of evidence has implicated the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin in the modulation of human neural activity underlying social cognition, including negative emotion processing; however, the influence of oxytocin and vasopressin on neural activity elicited during negative social evaluation remains unknown. Here 21 healthy men underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design to determine how intranasally administered oxytocin and vasopressin modulated neural activity when receiving negative feedback on task performance from a study investigator.

Weight characteristics and height in relation to risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity motivated this prospective examination of gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to self-reported adult height, weight, and weight fluctuation. Gestational diabetes was assessed by use of medical records in 1,644 women enrolled in Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, between 1996 and 2002. After adjustment, risk was inversely related to height and directly related to pregravid body mass index (p(trend) < 0.

Dietary fiber, potassium, magnesium and calcium in relation to the risk of preeclampsia.

Objective: To explore the relation between preeclampsia risk and maternal intake of dietary fiber, potassium, magnesium and calcium.

Study Design: We conducted a case-control study of 172 preeclamptics and 339 normotensive controls. Maternal dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.

Maternal plasma ascorbic Acid (vitamin C) and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Antioxidants, particularly vitamin C (ascorbic acid), have the capacity to influence glucose tolerance. Modification of diet could reduce the likelihood of developing gestational diabetes mellitus.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study of pregnant women, we studied the association of maternal plasma ascorbic acid concentrations, measured at an average of 13 weeks' gestation, with subsequent risk of gestational diabetes.

Vitamin C and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.

Objective: To examine whether low maternal dietary intake of vitamin C and low maternal plasma ascorbic acid (AA) concentrations are associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: Cases were 67 women with GDM meeting National Diabetes Data Group criteria. Controls were 260 women without such a diagnosis.