Publications by authors named "E Duffin"
Article Synopsis
- - Airway macrophages (AM) are key immune cells in the lungs that help protect against infections, making them important for targeted therapies aimed at enhancing immune responses.
- - The study investigates how different types of macrophages respond to signaling molecules (IFN-γ and IL-4) that represent immune responses in the lungs, finding that AM rely heavily on glycolysis for their functions, especially in cytokine production.
- - Results show that AM exhibit unique metabolic responses and functional plasticity compared to monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), suggesting that AM could be effective targets for new inhaled treatments for lung diseases.
Article Synopsis
- Tissue-resident natural killer (trNK) cells are found in the human lung, and this study investigates their unique metabolic functions, which may play a role in their effectiveness as immune cells.
- Researchers analyzed human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood using flow cytometry and SCENITH to compare the phenotype and metabolism of NK cells in these locations, uncovering specific markers for trNK cells.
- The study discovered that lung NK cells have a significantly higher glycolytic capacity and are more reliant on glucose than those in peripheral blood, suggesting these trNK cells are better equipped to respond to challenges in the lung environment.
Neutrophils are dynamic cells, playing a critical role in pathogen clearance; however, neutrophil infiltration into the tissue can act as a double-edged sword. They are one of the primary sources of excessive inflammation during infection, which has been observed in many infectious diseases including pneumonia and active tuberculosis (TB). Neutrophil function is influenced by interactions with other immune cells within the inflammatory lung milieu; however, how these interactions affect neutrophil function is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn podiatric residency training, minimum activity volume numbers are used to assess surgical competency. The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized direct assessment form as a complement to minimum activity volume numbers. Sixteen attending physicians completed 121 direct assessment forms, evaluating six podiatric medicine and surgery residents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComputational models of learning have proved largely successful in characterizing potential mechanisms which allow humans to make decisions in uncertain and volatile contexts. We report here findings that extend existing knowledge and show that a modified reinforcement learning model, which has separate parameters according to whether the previous trial gave a reward or a punishment, can provide the best fit to human behavior in decision making under uncertainty. More specifically, we examined the fit of our modified reinforcement learning model to human behavioral data in a probabilistic two-alternative decision making task with rule reversals.
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