Management of levator ani avulsion: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Purpose: Levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion affects up to 35% of women. Unlike obstetric anal sphincter injury, LAM avulsion is not diagnosed immediately after vaginal delivery, however, has a profound impact on quality of life. The management of pelvic floor disorders is in growing demand yet the significance of LAM avulsion in the context of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is poorly understood.

A review of levator ani avulsion after childbirth: Incidence, imaging and management.

Key Content • Levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion injury occurs occultly during childbirth, most commonly during operative vaginal deliveries. • Injuries of levator ani have long term sequelae for pelvic floor health. As life expectancy increases the burden of disease upon urogynaecology services will need to be considered.

Fasting plasma glucose, diagnosis of gestational diabetes and the risk of large for gestational age: a regression discontinuity analysis of routine data.

Objective: To estimate the causal effects of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and diagnosis of gestational diabetes (GDM) on birthweight and the risks of large for gestational age (LGA).

Design: Regression discontinuity analysis of routine data.

Setting: Two district general hospitals in West Yorkshire, UK.

The use of polymeric meshes for pelvic organ prolapse: Current concepts, challenges, and future perspectives.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is one of the most common chronic disorders in women, impacting the quality of life of millions of them worldwide. More than 100 surgical procedures have been developed over the decades to treat POP. However, the failure of conservative strategies and the number of patients with recurrence risk have increased the need for further adjuvant treatments.