[Measurement of vascular density in proliferative lesions of the thyroid gland].

In the present study vascular density was measure in histopathological slides of the simple goiter (15 cases) and of the same proliferative condition of the thyroid gland (113 cases) including adenoma (29 cases) and carcinoma (16 cases). Epithelial antibody CD31 and vWF identified vessels with the help of semiautomatic image analysis system. It has been shown that the highest values were typical for neoplastic tumors.

Silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in tumors of colon.

In the present study various AgNOR parameters were assessed in the computer-aided image analysis and involved the normal epithelium of colon both superficial and epithelium of crypts, adenomas and carcinomas of colon in humans. It indicated that the number and area of AgNOR dots was highest in carcinomas and decreased stepwise from carcinomas through adenomas and the epithelium of crypts to the superficial epithelium. Other parameters such as: the ratio of AgNOR dot area to nuclear area and the size of single dots were different only in the superficial epithelium.

Identification and assessment of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs)--technical problems.

NORs are the loops of DNA containing ribosomal genes which are associated with non-histonic argyrophilic proteins. It permits their identification by using specific argyrophilic staining. NORs are visualized in light microscopy as AgNOR dots or argyrophilic NOR dots.

Fine needle aspiration cytology combined with argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms.

NORs are the loops of DNA that contain the sites of ribosomal genes around which the nucleolus is formed during telophase of mitosis. In light microscopy they can be visualized by simple silver staining technique as small dark dots within the nucleus. It has been recognized that in many neoplasms, especially malignant AgNORs are more numerous and often atypical when compared with benign tumors and normal tissue.