Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Changes in the Older Adults: Impact on Anesthetics.

Anesthesiologists are increasingly required to care for frail older adults patients. A detailed knowledge of the influence of age on the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of the anesthetic drugs is essential for optimal safety and care. For most of the anesthetic drugs, the older adults need lower doses to achieve the same plasma concentrations, and at any given plasma and effect-site concentration, they will have more profound clinical effects than younger patients.

Predictive pharmacodynamic performance of the Eleveld pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for propofol: comparison of predicted and measured bispectral index.

Background: The Eleveld pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for propofol predicts bispectral index (BIS) processed electroencephalogram values from estimated effect-site concentrations. We investigated agreement between measured and predicted BIS values during total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA).

Methods: Forty participants undergoing lower limb surgery received TIVA using remifentanil target-controlled infusions and propofol by manually controlled, target-guided infusions based upon the Eleveld model and directed by two pharmacokinetic computer simulation applications: PKPD Tools and StelSim.

Dose optimization of cefazolin in South African children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Cefazolin is an antibiotic used to prevent surgical site infections. During cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), its efficacy target could be underachieved. We aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for cefazolin in children and optimize the prophylactic dosing regimen.

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Changes in the Elderly: Impact on Anesthetics.

Anesthesiologists are increasingly required to care for frail elderly patients. A detailed knowledge of the influence of age on the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of the anesthetic drugs is essential for optimal safety and care. For most of the anesthetic drugs, the elderly need lower doses to achieve the same plasma concentrations, and at any given plasma and effect-site concentration, they will have more profound clinical effects than younger patients.

Compatibility and stability of an admixture of multiple anaesthetic drugs for opioid-free anaesthesia.

The ability to combine and use drugs in a single infusion device may be useful in resource-limited settings. This study examined the chemical stability of an opioid-sparing mixture of ketamine, lidocaine and magnesium sulphate when combined in a single syringe. High-performance liquid chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry were performed on six syringes containing the three-drug mixture.