Increased signal complexity is associated with increased mating success.

The evolution of complex signals has often been explored by testing multiple functional hypotheses regarding how independent signal components provide selective benefits to offset the costs of their production. In the present study, we take a different approach by exploring the function of complexity . We test the hypothesis that increased vibratory signal complexity-based on both proportional and temporal patterning-provides selective benefits to courting male wolf spiders.

Predictors of FabAV use in copperhead envenomation.

Context: Crotaline snake envenomation is a serious medical condition affecting thousands of Americans each year. Variation in the treatment of Crotaline snakebites exists among physicians in the United States. Management of copperhead snakebites is controversial with some experts advocating minimal intervention, rarely necessitating antivenom use and, even more rarely, surgical intervention.

College Students' Knowledge of Ticks in Oklahoma: Assessment and Insights.

Ticks (Arachnida: Acari) are common in Oklahoma and may transmit tick-borne diseases (TBDs) to people. Due to the difficulty in reducing tick populations, awareness of tick bite prevention, proper tick removal, and knowledge of when to seek medical treatment are critical. However, outreach and extension programs are hampered by a lack of knowledge of what community members know about ticks.

Ants Do Not Traverse the Silk of Adult Female Nephila clavipes (Linnaeus) Webs.

Many organisms use chemicals to deter enemies. Some spiders can modify the composition of their silk to deter predators from climbing onto their webs. The Malaysian golden orb-weaver Nephila antipodiana (Walckenaer) produces silk containing an alkaloid (2-pyrrolidinone) that functions as a defense against ant invasion-ants avoid silk containing this chemical.