Increasing diversity in neuroimaging research: Participant-driven recommendations from a qualitative study of an under-represented sample.

Enhancing the generalizability of neuroimaging studies requires actively engaging participants from under-represented communities. This paper leverages qualitative data to outline participant-driven recommendations for incorporating under-represented populations in neuroimaging protocols. Thirty-one participants, who had participated in neuroimaging research or could be eligible for one as part of an ongoing longitudinal study, engaged in semi-structured one-on-one interviews (84 % under-represented ethnic-racial identities and low-income backgrounds).

Latent Profiles of Childhood Adversity, Adolescent Mental Health, and Neural Network Connectivity.

Importance: Adverse childhood experiences are pervasive and heterogeneous, with potential lifelong consequences for psychiatric morbidity and brain health. Existing research does not capture the complex interplay of multiple adversities, resulting in a lack of precision in understanding their associations with neural function and mental health.

Objectives: To identify distinct childhood adversity profiles and examine their associations with adolescent mental health and brain connectivity.

Use of an adaptive sensory environment in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the perioperative environment: a parallel, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience higher rates of perioperative anxiety and are likely to receive premedication. Little is known about nonpharmaceutical interventions which may decrease anxiety. This study aims to evaluate the use of an adaptive sensory environment (ASE) to reduce ASD patient anxiety during the perioperative process.

Implementing a bundle for evidence-based cesarean delivery may not be as beneficial as expected: a multicenter, pre- and post-study.

Background: Standardization of procedures improves outcomes. Though systematic reviews have summarized the evidence-based steps of cesarean delivery, their bundled implementation has not been investigated.

Objective: In this preimplementation and postimplementation trial, we sought to ascertain if bundled evidence-based steps of cesarean delivery, compared with the surgeon's preference, improve outcomes.