Effectiveness of protected areas in the Caucasus Mountains in preventing rangeland degradation.

As land use intensifies globally, it increasingly exerts pressure on protected areas. Despite open, nonforested landscapes comprising up to 40% of protected areas globally, assessments have predominately focused on forests, overlooking the major pressures on rangelands from livestock overgrazing and land conversion. Across the southern Caucasus, a biodiversity hotspot extending over 5 countries, we conducted a broadscale assessment of the extent to which protected areas mitigate land-use pressure on rangelands in them.

[The neuropathy of marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve].

Objective: To analyze the diagnosis, treatment and rehabiltation of patients with marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (MMB).

Material And Methods: We have collected 6 patients (mean age 40 [33.8; 44] years) with isolated lesion of MMB that innervates the depressor labii inferioris and chin muscle.

Extra-intracranial bypass surgery using the orifice of maxillary artery in a patient with middle cerebral artery aneurysm. Case report and literature review.

Objective: To present the technique of extra-intracranial bypass surgery using the orifice of maxillary artery bypass, to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this and alternative revascularization options.

Material And Methods: Radial artery graft harvesting was performed at the 1st stage. Simultaneously, the second team of surgeons performed a combined (submandibular and anterior) access to the donor artery (mandibular segment of maxillary artery behind the ramus of the mandible).

Reducing persecution is more effective for restoring large carnivores than restoring their prey.

Large carnivores are currently disappearing from many world regions because of habitat loss, prey depletion, and persecution. Ensuring large carnivore persistence requires safeguarding and sometimes facilitating the expansion of their populations. Understanding which conservation strategies, such as reducing persecution or restoring prey, are most effective to help carnivores to reclaim their former ranges is therefore important.

[Multivisceral resection of lipoblastoma of four anatomical areas of the head and neck with simultaneous neurotization of the facial muscles in an 8-months child. Clinical case].

The article describes diagnostics and surgical treatment of a rare benign tumor (lipoblastoma) of four anatomical areas of the head and neck in an 8-months child. Diagnostic data, surgical procedure performed using microsurgical techniques and intraoperative neuromonitoring and the patient's condition in the long-term postoperative period are presented. The histological conclusion about the removal of the tumor with negative resection margins suggests favorable prognosis of the disease.