New insight into flavivirus maturation from structure/function studies of the yellow fever virus envelope protein complex.

All enveloped viruses enter cells by fusing their envelope with a target cell membrane while avoiding premature fusion with membranes of the producer cell-the latter being particularly important for viruses that bud at internal membranes. Flaviviruses bud in the endoplasmic reticulum, are transported through the TGN to reach the external milieu, and enter other cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The trigger for membrane fusion is the acidic environment of early endosomes, which has a similar pH to the TGN of the producer cell.

Fit-for-purpose biomarker LC-MS/MS qualification for the quantitation of very long chain fatty acids in human cerebrospinal fluid.

Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) have been identified as biomarkers for several peroxisomal disorders necessitating the need for reliable biomarker assays in particular C, C, C, C in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Until now no absolute quantitation assay for total VLCFAs in CSF has been successfully developed and qualified for clinical use. A quantitative LC-MS/MS assay for total VLCFA in human CSF was developed.