Different Resolution Power of Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis and Whole-Genome Sequencing in the Characterization of 1,4,[5],12:i:- Isolates.

serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- has emerged over the last two decades as one of the most common serovars causing human salmonellosis in Europe. It is supposed to originate from serovar Typhimurium due to antigenic and genotypic similarities between the two serovars. Due to the high level of similarity, the multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) protocol designed for Typhimurium routine typing is commonly used also for the characterization of 1,4,[5],12:i.

Resistance to Biocides in Collected in Meat-Processing Environments.

The emergence of microorganisms exerting resistance to biocides is a challenge to meat-processing environments. Bacteria can be intrinsically resistant to biocides but resistance can also be acquired by adaptation to their sub-lethal concentrations. Moreover, the presence of biocide resistance determinants, which is closely linked to antibiotic resistance determinants, could lead to co-selection during disinfection practices along the food chain, and select cross-resistant foodborne pathogens.

Ascertaining the relationship between Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- by MLVA and inferring the sources of human salmonellosis due to the two serovars in Italy.

The current picture of human salmonellosis shows Salmonella Typhimurium and S. 4,[5],12:i:- as the most common serovars in Italy. The aims of this study were to investigate the genetic relationship between these serovars, as well as to test the possibility of inferring sources of human salmonellosis due to S.

Characterization of an unusual Salmonella phage type DT7a and report of a foodborne outbreak of salmonellosis.

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12,i:- is a monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium and its occurrence has markedly increased in several European countries in the last ten years. In June 2011, an outbreak of Salmonella 4,[5],12,i:- was reported among attendees of a wedding reception in the North-East of Italy.

Molecular characterization of "inconsistent" variants of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated in Italy.

Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- is a variant of Salmonella Typhimurium, which lacks the expression of phase-2 flagellar antigen, generally associated with the deletion of the fljB gene. Additional mechanisms involving the fljAB operon ( fljA, fljB, and hin genes) lead to the lack of expression of phase-2 flagellar antigens also in Salmonella strains harboring the fljB gene. For 20 S.