Diagnostic value of whole-mount crypt analysis of ileal biopsy specimens for the patients with familial small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors.

Background And Aims: Early-stage small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) are generally asymptomatic and difficult to diagnose. As a result, patients often present with late-stage incurable disease. SI-NETs originate from enterochromaffin (EC) cells, which develop enteroendocrine cell (EEC) clusters consisting of a subset of EC cells at the crypt bottom at an early stage of tumor progression.

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Proton Pump Inhibitor Test in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Noncardiac Chest Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Response to a trial of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is currently accepted as a first step in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, information on the diagnostic performance of the PPI test is limited.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the PPI test in GERD and noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) and to assess the test performance in erosive reflux disease (ERD) and nonerosive reflux disease (NERD).

Competition Shadow: Anchoring to Fear Versus Hope in Estimating Rivals in Competition.

We studied the effect of two inconsistent emotions, fear and hope, in strategic decision-making during a competition. We sought to examine which emotion will be more related to whether decision-makers accurately and objectively estimate their rival We developed a nuanced perspective on the effects of trait anxiety on rival estimation by integrating it with the competition shadow. Using a competition simulation and basing on data from 221 individuals across two countries, we found support for a predicted effect of trait anxiety on rival estimation.