Transcatheter coil embolization of a complex pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm with thyrocervical trunk-pulmonary arterial fistulization in a patient with cystic fibrosis and massive hemoptysis.

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (PAP) is a rare cause of life-threatening hemoptysis and tends to develop in the setting of infection, neoplasm, or trauma. Successful endovascular coil embolization has demonstrated effectiveness in treating PAPs and is now the treatment of choice for these patients. Vascular supply to PAPs is highly variable and often requires embolization of both the systemic and pulmonary feeding vessels.

TREM2 is thyroid hormone regulated making the TREM2 pathway druggable with ligands for thyroid hormone receptor.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) is a cell surface receptor on macrophages and microglia that senses and responds to disease-associated signals to regulate the phenotype of these innate immune cells. The TREM2 signaling pathway has been implicated in a variety of diseases ranging from neurodegeneration in the central nervous system to metabolic disease in the periphery. Here, we report that TREM2 is a thyroid hormone-regulated gene and its expression in macrophages and microglia is stimulated by thyroid hormone and synthetic thyroid hormone agonists (thyromimetics).

is thyroid hormone regulated making the TREM2 pathway druggable with ligands for thyroid hormone receptor.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) is a cell surface receptor on macrophages and microglia that senses and responds to disease associated signals to regulate the phenotype of these innate immune cells. The TREM2 signaling pathway has been implicated in a variety of diseases ranging from neurodegeneration in the central nervous system to metabolic disease in the periphery. We report here that is a thyroid hormone regulated gene and its expression in macrophages and microglia is stimulated by thyroid hormone.

In vitro selected GUAA tetraloop-binding receptors with structural plasticity and evolvability towards natural RNA structural modules.

GNRA tetraloop-binding receptor interactions are key components in the macromolecular assembly of a variety of functional RNAs. In nature, there is an apparent bias for GAAA/11nt receptor and GYRA/helix interactions, with the former interaction being thermodynamically more stable than the latter. While past in vitro selections allowed isolation of novel GGAA and GUGA receptors, we report herein an in vitro selection that revealed several novel classes of specific GUAA receptors with binding affinities comparable to those from natural GAAA/11nt interactions.

Thyroid hormone and thyromimetics inhibit myelin and axonal degeneration and oligodendrocyte loss in EAE.

We have previously demonstrated that thyromimetics stimulate oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and promote remyelination in murine demyelination models. We investigated whether a thyroid receptor-beta selective thyromimetic, sobetirome (Sob), and its CNS-targeted prodrug, Sob-AM2, could prevent myelin and axonal degeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Compared to controls, EAE mice receiving triiodothyronine (T3, 0.