[Cognitive reserve. A proposal for a new conceptual hypothesis].

Introduction: Currently, there is a lack of consensus on the definition of the concept of cognitive reserve, the elements that make it up and the relationship between them, despite the notable increase in the number of studies conducted on the subject.

Materials And Methods: A multi-domain conceptual model with two factors is proposed: general reserve and domain-specific reserve. The domain-specific reserve, in turn, would be divided into four areas: cognitive, behavioural, emotional and social.

Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and Judgement of Line Orientation.

Unlabelled: The aim of this work was to develop normative data for neuropsychological tests for the assessment of independent and cognitively active Spanish older adults over 55 years of age.

Methods: regression-based normative data were calculated from a sample of 103 nondepressed independent community-dwelling adults aged 55 or older (66% women). The raw data for the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF) and the Judgement of Line Orientation Test (JLO) were regressed on age, sex and education.

Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Digit Span, Letters and Numbers, Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test.

Unlabelled: In this work, we developed normative data for the neuropsychological assessment of independent and cognitively active Spanish older adults over 55 years of age.

Method: Regression-based normative data were calculated from a sample of 103 non-depressed independent community-dwelling adults aged 55 or older (67% women). Raw data for Digit Span (DS), Letters and Numbers (LN), the Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were regressed on age, sex, and education.