The Linda Kizazi study: a comparison of morbidity and mortality from birth to 2 years between children who are HIV-unexposed and HIV-exposed, uninfected in the era of universal antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Historically, children who are HIV-exposed, uninfected (CHEU) have been found to have greater morbidity and mortality than children who are HIV-unexposed, uninfected (CHUU). To assess whether this difference persists in the era of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART), we conducted a cohort study to compare the risk of acute diarrhoea, respiratory tract infections (RTI), malaria, hospitalisation, and all-cause mortality between Kenyan CHEU and CHUU from birth to 2 years.

Methods: From December 2018 to March 2020 at Mathare North Health Centre in Nairobi, we recruited pregnant women living with HIV on ART for ≥6 months and pregnant women without HIV from the same community.

A comprehensive study of quantum arithmetic circuits.

In recent decades, the field of quantum computing has experienced remarkable progress. This progress is marked by the superior performance of many quantum algorithms compared with their classical counterparts, with Shor's algorithm serving as a prominent illustration. Quantum arithmetic circuits, which are the fundamental building blocks in numerous quantum algorithms, have attracted much attention.

3D Vertical Ferroelectric Capacitors with Excellent Scalability.

Three-dimensional vertically stacked memory is more cost-effective than two-dimensional stacked memory. Vertically stacked memory using ferroelectric materials has great potential not only in high-density memory but also in neuromorphic fields because it secures low voltage and fast operation speed. This paper presents the implementation of a ferroelectric capacitor comprising a vertical two-layer stacked structure composed of a titanium nitride (TiN)/aluminum-doped hafnium oxide/TiN configuration.

An integrated paper-based microfluidic platform for screening of early-stage Alzheimer's disease by detecting Aβ42.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, and the development of early screening methods can address its significant health and social consequences. In this paper, we present a rotary-valve assisted paper-based immunoassay device (RAPID) for early screening of AD, featuring a highly integrated on-chip rotary micro-valve that enables fully automated and efficient detection of the AD biomarker (amyloid beta 42, Aβ42) in artificial plasma. The microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) of the RAPID pre-stores the required assay reagents on a μPAD and automatically controls the liquid flow through a single valve.

Deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and patient-level meta-analysis.

There has been much controversy regarding the order in which cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) and systemic therapy (ST) are applied for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We aimed to investigate the role of deferred CN (dCN) in mRCC, particularly in the current era of immunotherapy. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for studies comparing dCN versus any non-dCN strategy, in any temporal sequence, with the provision of Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival (OS).