Cross-disciplinary problem-solving workshop: a pedagogical approach to anticipate ergonomist engineering design collaboration.

The aims of this paper are to present concept and results of an innovative educational model approach based on ergonomics involvement in industrial project. First we present Cross disciplinary Problem solving Workshop by answering three questions:1) What is a CPW: A partnership between Universities and one or several companies, purposes of it are first to increase health, well being, companies teams competencies, and competitiveness, second to train the "IPOD generation" to include risks prevention in design. 2) How does it work? CPW allows cooperation between experience and new insight through inductive methods.

Cessation of vesicoureteral reflux for 5 years in infants and children allocated to medical treatment. The International Reflux Study in Children.

A total of 401 children with severe vesicoureteral reflux (97 with grade III and 304 with grade IV) was entered into the European branch of the International Reflux Study in Children. Of these patients 37 with grade III and 43 with grade IV reflux were allocated to medical treatment as a sideline group because the reflux grade III or IV had improved to grade II or I, or it had disappeared during the preceding 2 to 6 months (median 4). Of the remaining 321 patients with persistent grade III or IV reflux 158 were randomly allocated to medical treatment of whom 3 switched to surgery.

[Intrathoracic kidney in childhood with special reference to secondary renal transport in Bochdalek's hernia].

Three cases of thoracic renal ectopia are described. Remarkable is the case of an "acquired" congenital right diaphragmatic hernia (Bochdalek's herniation) with previously normally positioned kidneys. Classification is as follows: 1.

[Gonadal dosis in intravenous urography and voiding cystourethrography of children (athor's transl)].

Measurements of gonadal doses of 92 children during intravenous urography and voiding cystourethrography are reported. The high deviation of doses in the testes is discussed. The application of a lead protector for the testes is demanded to decrease exposure by a factor 15 in the central beam and a factor 1.