Frustrated Radical Pairs: From Fleeting Intermediates to Isolable Species.

We present the design and comprehensive investigation of stable para-substituted triarylamine-2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) radical ion pairs (RIPs) generated via single-electron transfer (SET). We quantified the degree of SET in both solution and solid phases, utilising a suite of spectroscopic techniques including IR, EPR, NMR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Our findings reveal that the extent of SET is significantly influenced by the nature of the substituents (MeO > Bu > Br) and the polarity of the solvent (MeCN > DCM > toluene).

Robust magnetic vivianite recovery from digested sewage sludge: Evaluating resilience to sludge dry matter and particle size variations.

Phosphorus recovery via vivianite extraction from digested sludge has recently gained considerable interest. The separation of vivianite was demonstrated earlier at the pilot scale, and operational parameters were optimized. In this study, we tested the robustness of this technology by changing the sludge characteristics, such as dry matter, and via that, sludge viscosity, and vivianite particle size.

Perception of unfamiliar caregivers during sickness - Using the new Caregiver Perception Task (CgPT) during experimental endotoxemia.

Social withdrawal is a well-established part of sickness behavior, but in some contexts sick animals might gain from keeping close instead of keeping away. For instance, sick individuals are more willing to be near known individuals who can provide care and safety (close others) compared to when healthy. Yet, interactions with some strangers might also be beneficial (i.

Unlocking the Potential of Magnetic Refrigeration: Investigating the Compatibility of the Ga-Based Liquid Metal with a La(Fe,Mn,Si)H Magnetocaloric Material for Enhanced Long-Term Stability.

Magnetic refrigeration (MR) is a cutting-edge technology that promises high energy efficiency and eco-friendliness, making it an exciting alternative to traditional refrigeration systems. However, the main challenge to its widespread adoption is cost competitiveness. In this context, the use of liquid metals as heat transfer liquids in the MR has been proposed as a game-changing solution.

Substituting Chromium in Iron-Based Catalysts for the High-Temperature Water-Gas Shift Reaction.

A set of doped iron oxides (chromium, aluminum, gallium, indium, manganese, zinc, niobium) were prepared by a one-step coprecipitation/calcination approach evaluated for their WGS activity under industrially relevant conditions and characterized in detail. The WGS activity after ageing the doped catalyst for 4 days at 25 bar follows the order chromium ≈ aluminum > gallium > indium > manganese > zinc > niobium for copper-codoped catalysts. The activated catalysts predominantly consist of magnetite, irrespective of the dopant.