Borromean Supercounterfluidity.

We demonstrate microscopically the existence of a new superfluid state of matter in a three-component Bose mixture trapped in an optical lattice. The superfluid transport involving coflow of all three components is arrested in that state, while counterflows between any pair of components are dissipationless. The presence of three components allows for three different types of counterflows with only two independent superfluid degrees of freedom.

Magnetic resonance imaging detected radiation-induced changes in patients with proton radiation-treated arteriovenous malformations.

Background: Treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) includes surgery, radiation therapy, endovascular occlusion, or a combination. Proton radiation therapy enables very focused radiation, minimizing dose to the surrounding brain.

Purpose: To evaluate the presence of radiation-induced changes on post-treatment MRI in patients with AVMs treated with proton radiation and to compare these with development of symptoms and nidus obliteration.

Dissipationless Vector Drag-Superfluid Spin Hall Effect.

Dissipationless flows in single-component superfluids have a significant degree of universality. In ^{4}He, the dissipationless mass flow occurs with a superfluid velocity determined by the gradient of the superfluid phase. However, in interacting superfluid mixtures, principally new effects appear.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging may act as a biomarker for vascular damage in normal appearing brain tissue after radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma.

Background: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a promising perfusion method and may be useful in evaluating radiation-induced changes in normal-appearing brain tissue.

Purpose: To assess whether radiotherapy induces changes in vascular permeability (K) and the fractional volume of the extravascular extracellular space (V) derived from DCE-MRI in normal-appearing brain tissue and possible relationships to radiation dose given.

Material And Methods: Seventeen patients with glioblastoma treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy were included; five were excluded because of inconsistencies in the radiotherapy protocol or early drop-out.

Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes in Normal Appearing Brain Tissue after Radiotherapy in Glioblastoma Patients may Confound Longitudinal Evaluation of Treatment Response.

Background: The aim of this study was assess acute and early delayed radiation-induced changes in normal-appearing brain tissue perfusion as measured with perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the dependence of these changes on the fractionated radiotherapy (FRT) dose level.

Patients And Methods: Seventeen patients with glioma WHO grade III-IV treated with FRT were included in this prospective study, seven were excluded because of inconsistent FRT protocol or missing examinations. Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI and contrast-enhanced 3D-T1-weighted (3D-T1w) images were acquired prior to and in average (standard deviation): 3.