Vitex trifolia L. modulates inflammatory mediators via down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in experimental rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Vitex trifolia L. (V. trifolia L.

Effect of H4R Antagonist N-(2-Aminoethyl)-5-Chloro-1H-Indole-2-Carboxamide (Compound A) in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma.

: Allergic asthma is a multifactorial airway disease characterised by chronic lung inflammation and airway remodelling. The histamine H4 receptor involved in the chemotaxis of leukocytes and mast cells to the site of inflammation is suggested to be a potential drug target for allergy and asthma. In this study we examined the effect of Compound A, -(2-Aminoethyl)-5-chloro-1-indol-2-carboxamide a H4 receptor antagonist in allergic asthma mice model.

The Role of Histamine and Histamine Receptors in Mast Cell-Mediated Allergy and Inflammation: The Hunt for New Therapeutic Targets.

Histamine and its receptors (H1R-H4R) play a crucial and significant role in the development of various allergic diseases. Mast cells are multifunctional bone marrow-derived tissue-dwelling cells that are the major producer of histamine in the body. H1R are expressed in many cells, including mast cells, and are involved in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.

Silencing of H4R inhibits the production of IL-1β through SAPK/JNK signaling in human mast cells.

Context: Mast cell (MC) activation through H4R releases various inflammatory mediators which are associated with allergic asthma.

Objectives: To investigate the siRNA-mediated gene silencing effect of H4R on human mast cells (HMCs) functions and the activation of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK)/jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK) signaling pathways for the release of ineterleukin-1β (IL-1β) in HMCs.

Materials And Methods: H4R expression was analyzed by RT-PCR and western blotting in human mast cell line-1 (HMC-1) cells and H4RsiRNA transfected cells.

Local and Systemic Profiles of Inflammatory Cytokines in Carrageenan-induced Paw Inflammation in Rats.

Objective: Carrageenan (CA)-induced edema has been described as highly reproducible model of acute inflammation. However, little is known about the cytokines attributed to the CA-induced inflammation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the local and systemic expression profiles of various inflammatory cytokines following the subplantar injection of CA in rats.