Exploring interactions between and strains through co-inoculation and responses of perennial ryegrass in a one-year trial.

Perennial ryegrass ( L.) possesses a high level of nutritional quality and is widely used as a forage species to establish permanent pastures in southern Chile. However, the productivity of most such pastures is limited by various environmental agents, such as insect pests and drought.

Comparison of New Kairomone-Based Lures for (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Italy and USA.

Studies were conducted during the period 2019/2020 to evaluate the effectiveness of four lures for codling moth ( L.) in pome fruits in Italy and the USA. Multi-component blends of sex pheromone ((,)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, PH), pear ester (()-2,4-ethyl decadienoate, PE), ()-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), and pyranoid linalool oxide (6-ethenyl-2,2,6-trimethyloxan-3-ol, LOX) were loaded in either a halobutyl elastomer septum or a PVC matrix and always used in combination with acetic acid (AA) loaded in a closed membrane co-lure.

Survey of conspecific herbivore-induced volatiles from apple as possible attractants for Pandemis pyrusana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

Background: Studies were conducted to identify volatiles released by apple foliage untreated or sprayed with a yeast and from untreated and sprayed foliage with actively feeding larvae of Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott. Field studies then evaluated various combinations of these volatiles when paired with acetic acid as possible adult attractants.

Results: The most abundant volatiles released following herbivore feeding were four green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and acetic acid.

Adding yeasts with sugar to increase the number of effective insecticide classes to manage Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in cherry.

Background: Drosophila suzukii is a major pest of cherry in the western United States. We evaluated whether the addition of sugary baits could improve the efficacy of two classes of insecticides not considered to be sufficiently effective for this pest, diamides and spinosyns, in laboratory and field trials in cherry.

Results: Adding cane sugar alone or in combination with the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Aureobasidium pullulans significantly improved insecticide efficacy.

A Binary Host Plant Volatile Lure Combined With Acetic Acid to Monitor Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

Field studies were conducted in the United States, Hungary, and New Zealand to evaluate the effectiveness of septa lures loaded with ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (nonatriene) alone and in combination with an acetic acid co-lure for both sexes of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Additional studies were conducted to evaluate these host plant volatiles and acetic acid in combination with the sex pheromone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone).