Development of a bioeconomy monitoring framework for the European Union: An integrative and collaborative approach.

The EU Bioeconomy Strategy, updated in 2018, in its Action Plan pledges an EU-wide, internationally coherent monitoring system to track economic, environmental and social progress towards a sustainable bioeconomy. This paper presents the approach taken by the European Commission's (EC) Joint Research Centre (JRC) to develop such a system. To accomplish this, we capitalise on (1) the experiences of existing indicator frameworks; (2) stakeholder knowledge and expectations; and (3) national experiences and expertise.

Unveiling the transcriptional control of pleiotropic drug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Contributions of André Goffeau and his group.

Studies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided much of the basic detail underlying the organization and regulation of multiple or pleiotropic drug resistance gene network in eukaryotic microbes. As with many aspects of yeast biology, the initial observations that drove the eventual molecular characterization of multidrug resistance gene were provided by genetics. This review focuses on contributions from the laboratory of Dr.

All about CDR transporters: Past, present, and future.

Drug resistance mechanisms in human pathogenic Candida species are continually evolving. Over the time, Candida species have acquired diverse strategies to vanquish the effects of various classes of drugs thereby, emanating as a serious life threat. Apart from the repertoire of well-established strategies, which predominantly comprise alteration, overexpression of drug targets, and chromosome duplication, Candida species have evolved a number of permeability constraints for antifungal drugs, via compromised drug import or increased drug efflux.

Novel target genes of the yeast regulator Pdr1p: a contribution of the TPO1 gene in resistance to quinidine and other drugs.

The yeast transcription factor Pdr1p regulates the expression of a number of genes, several of which encode ATP-driven transport proteins involved in multiple drug resistance. Among 20 genes containing binding consensus sequences for the transcription factor Pdr1p in their promoter, we studied more particularly the regulation and function of PDR16 (involved in phospholipid synthesis), TPO1 (involved in vacuolar transport of polyamines), YAL061W (homologous to polyol dehydrogenases) and YLR346C (unknown function). We found that the regulation of these four genes depends on Pdr1p, since promoter activities studied by lacZ fusion analysis and mRNA levels studied by Northern blotting analysis changed upon deletion or hyperactivation by the pdr1-3 mutant of this transcription factor.

Expression and degradation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Many cystic fibrosis disease-associated mutations cause a defect in the biosynthetic processing and trafficking of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Yeast mutants, defective at various steps of the secretory pathway, have been used to dissect the mechanisms of biosynthetic processing and intracellular transport of several proteins. To exploit these yeast mutants, we have employed an expression system in which the CFTR gene is driven by the promoter of a structurally related yeast ABC protein, Pdr5p.