Gender-specific effects of a phytogenic feed additive on performance, intestinal physiology and morphology in broiler chickens.

To date, most studies published were carried out on broilers of the same sex, and possible gender-specific effects of phytogenic substances have not been investigated so far. A 3 × 2 factorial study was performed to examine gender-specific effects of a PFA at two dietary levels (150, 1500 ppm) on growth performance, carcass traits and gastrointestinal attributes in broiler chickens versus an untreated control group. The addition of 150 ppm of the PFA led to a downregulation of trypsinogen mRNA in pancreas compared with the control group (p < 0.

Static biofilm removal around ultrasonic tips in vitro.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the biofilm removal capacity of two ultrasonic tips under standardized conditions using a multi-species biofilm model.

Methods: Six-species biofilms were grown on hydroxyapatite discs for 64.5 h and were treated for 15 s with a standardized load of 40 g with a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive device.

Clinical ladder program evolution: journey from novice to expert to enhancing outcomes.

The clinical ladder program has evolved with the ever-changing environment of nursing at one academic medical center. The process has developed over time while adhering to the foundational tenets of recognizing and rewarding excellent bedside nursing practice. Nurses on the clinical ladder at this institution represent the ideal performance of mentoring and motivating other nurses and interdisciplinary team members.