Exosome microRNA signatures in patients with complex regional pain syndrome undergoing plasma exchange.

Background: Therapeutic plasma exchange (PE) or plasmapheresis is an extracorporeal procedure employed to treat immunological disorders. Exosomes, nanosized vesicles of endosomal origin, mediate intercellular communication by transferring cargo proteins and nucleic acids and regulate many pathophysiological processes. Exosomal miRNAs are potential biomarkers due to their stability and dysregulation in diseases including complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), a chronic pain disorder with persistent inflammation.

Plasma Exchange Therapy in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

Background: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a severe chronic pain condition that most often develops following trauma. Some investigators have postulated CRPS to be a post-traumatic neuralgia associated with distal degeneration of small-diameter peripheral axons. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (IVIG) has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of painful polyneuropathies.

Acute loss of spatial navigational skills in a case of a right posterior hippocampus stroke.

The ability to accurately navigate within an environment (known or new) is not fully understood but involves a number of highly complicated cognitive process related to both central and peripheral nervous system structures and neuronal networks. We describe a patient who developed loss of his spatial navigational skills associated with an acute ischemic right posterior hippocampal lesion. Neuropsychological assessment displayed clear evidence of impaired visuospatial/visuoconstructional abilities with relative preservation of many other cognitive functions involving orientation, language, and verbal memory.

Methotrexate-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

What Is Known And Objective: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is described clinically as an acute neurologic deterioration characterized by headache, change in mental status and seizures. Although the mechanism(s) for this syndrome is not fully understood, PRES results from vasogenic edema in areas of the brain supplied by the posterior circulation. Methotrexate (MTX)-induced neurotoxicity is a well-known complication of therapy in the paediatric population but is uncommon in adults.

Kinesigenic dyskinesia in a case of voltage-gated potassium channel-complex protein antibody encephalitis.

Objective: To describe the first case (to our knowledge) of voltage-gated potassium channel-complex protein antibody encephalitis with kinesigenic dyskinesia and cramp-fasciculation syndrome.

Design: Case report.

Setting: Hospitalized care.