A suggested universal protocol for dental examination in sports.

The athletes of any sport and level submit their bodies to constant exercise. Any given pathology can increase the risk of injury, illness, or even reduced performance. The medical examination is valuable in diagnosing existing health problems and preventing medical issues that might compromise the athlete's overall health when exercising.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Return to Play, Function and Long-Term Considerations.

Anterior cruciate ligament tears are common and affect young individuals who participate in jumping and pivoting sports. After injury many individuals undergo ligament reconstruction (ACLR) but do not return to play, suffer recurrent injury and osteoarthritis. Outcome studies show that after ACLR, 81% of individuals return to sports, 65% return to their preinjury level and 55% return to competitive sports.

A ten-year assessment of anabolic steroid misuse among competitive athletes in Puerto Rico.

Objective: Little is known about anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) misuse in the Caribbean region in spite of increased popularity among athletes and adolescents. The present study examines the usage of AAS among competitive athletes in Puerto Rico.

Methods: Doping test results of competitive athletes obtained by random sampling out of competition during the 2000-2009 period were analysed.

Rehabilitation update for the anterior cruciate ligament injured patient: current concepts.

The anterior cruciate ligament is an intra-articular structure of the knee essential for both static and dynamic stability. It is commonly injured during sports activities by a noncontact mechanism. Several modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors predispose athletes to this injury, especially females.

Oro-facial injuries in Central American and Caribbean sports games: a 20-year experience.

Dental services in sports competitions in the Games sponsored by the International Olympic Committee are mandatory. In every Central American, Pan American and Olympic Summer Games, as well as Winter Games, the Organizing Committee has to take all the necessary measures to assure dental services to all competitors. In all Olympic villages, as part of the medical services, a dental clinic is set up to treat any dental emergency that may arise during the Games.