Predicting waitlist dropout in hepatocellular carcinoma: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Liver transplantation is the gold standard treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current allocation systems face a complex issue due to the imbalance between available organs and recipients. The prioritization of HCC patients remains controversial, leading to potential disparities in access to transplantation.

Joint analysis of land, carbon and nitrogen reveals diverging trends in the sustainability of organic crops in Spain.

The world's top ten Organic Farming (OF) countries by converted area include several Mediterranean countries, including Spain. Despite this, little is known about the consequences of OF on crop production and environmental sustainability in this country. In this article, we conduct an agronomic analysis of Spanish considerable conversion rate to OF, which tends to concentrate in certain provinces and crops.

Enzymatic Synthesis of Austroeupatol Esters with Enhanced Antiprotozoal Activity.

Austroeupatol, the principal diterpene isolated from the invasive shrub , holds promise for structural diversification and biological assessment of its derivatives due to its abundant availability and high yield isolation. We propose an efficient enzymatic synthesis of a series of austroeupatol esters derived from aliphatic and heterocyclic carboxylic acids. Systematic optimization of reaction parameters, including enzyme type and quantity, acylating agent amount, solvent, and temperature, was conducted.

Assessing nitrate groundwater hotspots in Europe reveals an inadequate designation of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones.

Monitoring networks show that the European Union Nitrates Directive (ND) has had mixed success in reducing nitrate concentrations in groundwater. By combining machine learning and monitored nitrate concentrations (1992-2019), we estimate the total area of nitrate hotspots in Europe to be 401,000 km, with 47% occurring outside of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs). We also found contrasting increasing or decreasing trends, varying per country and time periods.

Transannular Functionalization of Multiple C(sp)-H Bonds of Tropane via an Alkene-Bridged Palladium(I) Dimer.

This communication describes the Pd-catalyzed C(sp)-H functionalization of a tropane derivative to generate products with functionalization at two (β/γ) or three (β/γ/β) different sites on the alicyclic amine core. These reactions proceed via an initial dehydrogenation to generate an alkene product that can react further to form a Pd(I) alkene-bridged dimer. Functionalization of this dimer affords β/γ/β-functionalized allylic arylation and allylic acetoxylation products.