REM sleep-dependent short-term and long-term hourglass processes in the ultradian organization and recovery of REM sleep in the rat.

Study Objectives: To evaluate the contribution of long-term and short-term REM sleep homeostatic processes to REM sleep recovery and the ultradian organization of the sleep wake cycle.

Methods: Fifteen rats were sleep recorded under a 12:12 LD cycle. Animals were subjected during the rest phase to two protocols (2T2I or 2R2I) performed separately in non-consecutive experimental days.

Melatonin Relations With Respiratory Quotient Weaken on Acute Exposure to High Altitude.

High altitude (HA) exposure may affect human health and performance by involving the body timing system. Daily variations of melatonin may disrupt by HA exposure, thereby possibly affecting its relations with a metabolic parameter like the respiratory quotient (RQ). Sea level (SL) volunteers (7 women and 7 men, 21.

Envelope analysis links oscillatory and arrhythmic EEG activities to two types of neuronal synchronization.

Traditionally, EEG is understood as originating from the synchronous activation of neuronal populations that generate rhythmic oscillations in specific frequency bands. Recently, new neuronal dynamics regimes have been identified (e.g.

Post-Learning Sleep Transiently Boosts Context Specific Operant Extinction Memory.

Operant extinction is learning to supress a previously rewarded behavior. It is known to be strongly associated with the specific context in which it was acquired, which limits the therapeutic use of operant extinction in behavioral treatments, e.g.