Hippo Signaling Pathway Involvement in Osteopotential Regulation of Murine Bone Marrow Cells Under Simulated Microgravity.

The development of osteopenia is one of the most noticeable manifestations of the adverse effects of space factors on crew members. The Hippo signaling pathway has been shown to play a central role in regulating the functional activity of cells through their response to mechanical stimuli. In the present study, the components of the Hippo pathway and the protective properties of osteodifferentiation inducers were investigated under simulated microgravity (smg) using a heterotypic bone marrow cell culture model, which allows for the maintenance of the close interaction between the stromal and hematopoietic compartments, present in vivo and of great importance for both the fate of osteoprogenitors and hematopoiesis.

Antioxidant mito-TEMPO prevents the increase in tropomyosin oxidation and mitochondrial calcium accumulation under 7-day rat hindlimb suspension.

After the first day of muscle disuse (unloading) mitochondria-derived ROS accumulate in the postural-tonic soleus muscle. It is known that excess of ROS can lead to the accumulation of intramitochondrial calcium and overload of mitochondria with calcium, can negatively affect mitochondrial function and fatigue resistance of soleus muscle. We assumed that the use of mitochondrial ROS scavenger mito-TEMPO will be able to prevent the unloading-induced disruption of mitochondrial functions and will help maintain soleus muscle fatigue resistance.

Histone H3K9 Methylation Features under Hypoxic Conditions after the HIF1A Knockdown in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro.

The effects of HIF1A knockdown by RNA interference on the histone H3K9 methylation in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro under conditions of 24-h exposure to hypoxia (1% O) were studied. Evaluation of transcriptional activity of genes involved in the regulation of H3K9 methylation (KDM3A, KDM4A, and EHMT2) and the cytofluorimetric analysis of the expression of the corresponding antigens and H3K9 methylation level demonstrated a pronounced stimulating effect of hypoxic exposure. Moreover, the expression of KDM4A and EHMT2 was regulated by HIF1A-mediated mechanism, unlike KDM3A; the level of the corresponding proteins depended on HIF1A.

Regulatory Effects of Senescent Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Endotheliocyte Reaction.

Currently, there is a growing focus on aging and age-related diseases. The processes of aging are based on cell senescence, which results in changes in intercellular communications and pathological alterations in tissues. In the present study, we investigate the influence of senescent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on endothelial cells (ECs).

Heterotypic Cell Culture from Mouse Bone Marrow under Simulated Microgravity: Lessons for Stromal Lineage Functions.

Muscle and skeleton structures are considered most susceptible to negative factors of spaceflights, namely microgravity. Three-dimensional clinorotation is a ground-based simulation of microgravity. It provides an opportunity to elucidate the effects of microgravity at the cellular level.