Expression of CD39 is associated with T cell exhaustion in ovarian cancer and its blockade reverts T cell dysfunction.

Immune exhaustion is a hallmark of ovarian cancer. Using multiparametric flow cytometry, the study aimed to analyze protein expression of novel immunological targets on CD3 T cells isolated from the peripheral blood ( = 20), malignant ascites ( = 16), and tumor tissue ( = 6) of patients with ovarian cancer (OVCA). The study revealed an increased proportion of effector memory CD8 T cells in OVCA tissue and malignant ascites.

TIGIT blockade repolarizes AML-associated TIGIT M2 macrophages to an M1 phenotype and increases CD47-mediated phagocytosis.

Background: Leukemia-associated macrophages (LAMs) represent an important cell population within the tumor microenvironment, but little is known about the phenotype, function, and plasticity of these cells. The present study provides an extensive characterization of macrophages in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Methods: The phenotype and expression of coregulatory markers were assessed on bone marrow (BM)-derived LAM populations, using multiparametric flow cytometry.

Combined Blockade of TIGIT and CD39 or A2AR Enhances NK-92 Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in AML.

This study aimed to characterize different natural killer (NK) cell phenotypes on bone marrow and peripheral blood cells from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and healthy donors (HDs). Our data show that CD56CD16 and CD56CD16 NK cells represent the predominant NK cell subpopulations in AML, while the CD56CD16 NK cells are significantly reduced compared to HDs. Moreover, TIGIT and PVRIG cells cluster on the CD56CD16 subset whereas CD39 and CD38 cells do so on CD56CD16 NK cells in AML.

Swimming against the flow-Environmental DNA can detect bull sharks () across a dynamic deltaic interface.

Human activities in coastal areas are accelerating ecosystem changes at an unprecedented pace, resulting in habitat loss, hydrological modifications, and predatory species declines. Understanding how these changes potentially cascade across marine and freshwater ecosystems requires knowing how mobile euryhaline species link these seemingly disparate systems. As upper trophic level predators, bull sharks () play a crucial role in marine and freshwater ecosystem health.