Sunscreen Coverage as Preventive Care Under the Affordable Care Act: A Low-Cost Way to Reduce the Prevalence of the Most Common Cancer.

Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in the United States, costing more than $8.1 billion annually in treatment-related expenses, yet with ultraviolet exposure considered the most significant risk factor for skin cancer development, cutaneous malignancy is also highly preventable. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is committed to covering demonstrably effective preventive health care measures without patient cost sharing.

Granular cytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes and microglial activation in the fetal brain of pigtail macaques in response to maternal viral infection.

The fetal origins of neuropsychiatric disorders are poorly understood but have been linked to viral or inflammatory injury of the developing brain. The fetal white matter is particularly susceptible to injury as myelination, axonal growth, and deep white matter tracts become established. We have used the pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) to study the maternal and fetal effects of influenza A virus (FLUAV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy, in cohorts with different time intervals between inoculation and delivery.

Multiple Pathways of Visual Adaptations for Water Column Usage in an Antarctic Adaptive Radiation.

Evolutionary transitions in water column usage have played a major role in shaping ray-finned fish diversity. However, the extent to which vision-associated trait complexity and water column usage is coupled remains unclear. Here we investigated the relationship between depth niche, eye size, and the molecular basis of light detection across the Antarctic notothenioid adaptive radiation.

Dynamics of natural selection preceding human viral epidemics and pandemics.

Using a phylogenetic framework to characterize natural selection, we investigate the hypothesis that zoonotic viruses require adaptation prior to zoonosis to sustain human-to-human transmission. Examining the zoonotic emergence of Ebola virus, Marburg virus, influenza A virus, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, we find no evidence of a change in the intensity of natural selection immediately prior to a host switch, compared with typical selection within reservoir hosts. We conclude that extensive pre-zoonotic adaptation is not necessary for human-to-human transmission of zoonotic viruses.

A focus group study exploring necessary competencies and contextual factors for effective antimicrobial stewardship on dairy farms.

There is a need for improved antimicrobial stewardship on dairy farms, and changes will be largely enacted by farm workers who are responsible for carrying out farm procedures. For this reason, efforts directed at educating and enabling farm workers in antimicrobial stewardship are necessary for compliance with farm-level antimicrobial usage policies. Therefore, the objectives of this research were: 1) to determine the competencies needed by dairy farm workers to implement antimicrobial stewardship and to inform educational resource development and 2) explore the farm contexts that influence farm worker antimicrobial stewardship capabilities.