[Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of tazobactam/piperacillin or tazobactam (2)--Teratological study in rats with intravenously administration].

Tazobactam (TAZ) is a newly developed beta-lactamase inhibitor and piperacillin (PIPC) is an antibiotics which is used in clinical field widely. The combination of TAZ and PIPC (TAZ/PIPC), which is combined with TAZ and PIPC at rate of 1:4, has been developed because of PIPC is unstable to various beta-lactamases. Teratogenic potential were studied in rats given daily intravenous doses of TAZ/PIPC (625, 1250, 2500 or 3750 mg/kg/day) or TAZ (125, 500 or 3000 mg/kg/day).

[Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of tazobactam/piperacillin or tazobactam(1)--Fertility and general reproduction study in rats with intraperitoneal administration].

Tazobactam (TAZ) is a newly developed beta-lactamase inhibitor and piperacillin (PIPC) is an antibiotics which is used in clinical field widely. The combination of TAZ and PIPC (TAZ/PIPC), which is combined with TAZ and PIPC at rate of 1:4, has been developed because of PIPC is unstable to various beta-lactamases. Fertility and general reproductive performance were studied in rats given daily intraperitoneal doses of TAZ/PIPC (200, 800 or 1600 mg/kg/day) or TAZ (40, 160 or 640 mg/kg/day).

Behavioral evaluations in developmental toxicity testing: MARTA survey results.

During 1991, the Middle Atlantic Reproduction and Teratology Association (MARTA) conducted a survey of laboratories performing behavioral evaluations as part of GLP developmental toxicity studies. This survey was conducted to determine the extent to which an "industry standard" had evolved for behavioral test batteries. The most commonly used developmental parameters were eye opening, pinna unfolding, and sexual maturation (physical landmarks); surface righting, pupil constriction, and nonautomated acoustic startle (reflexive landmarks).

Critical developmental periods for effects on male rat genitalia induced by finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor.

The conversion of testosterone to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone by the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase is inhibited by finasteride. In a study in which maternal dosing with finasteride commenced on Gestational Day 15 and terminated on Postpartum Day 21, there were 13 and 27% decreases in anogenital distance of male pups on Postnatal Day 1 at 0.03 and 3 mg/kg/day, respectively.

Developmental variation of the diaphragm and liver in Fischer 344 rats.

The nature and frequency of a developmental variation of the diaphragm and liver in Fischer 344 rats are described. Totals of 20, 98 and 55 (25 for caesarean-sectioning and 30 for natural delivery) mated female rats were used for Experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Each rat was intubated (gavage) with either an aqueous suspension of 0.