Vulvar Cancer: Histopathologic Considerations and Nuances to Management.

Vulvar cancer, although rare, poses significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment because of its histopathologic complexities and nuances. This paper reviewed key aspects of the management of vulvar cancer, focusing on histopathologic diagnosis, margin status interpretation, lymph node involvement assessment, and ongoing clinical trials.

Allele-Specific Gene Regulation, Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Estrogen Receptor Alpha-Mutant Endometrial Cancer.

Unlabelled: Activating estrogen receptor alpha (ER; also known as ESR1) mutations are present in primary endometrial and metastatic breast cancers, promoting estrogen-independent activation of the receptor. Functional characterizations in breast cancer have established unique molecular and phenotypic consequences of the receptor, yet the impact of ER mutations in endometrial cancer has not been fully explored. In this study, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to model the clinically prevalent ER-Y537S mutation and compared results with ER-D538G to discover allele-specific differences between ER mutations in endometrial cancer.

Morphologic Characteristics and Mutational Analysis of Fumarate Hydratase Deficient Kidney and Smooth Muscle Tumors.

Objectives: Fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient tumors can occur due to germline or somatic mutations and have distinctive morphologic features. The aims of this study are to refine morphologic criteria and identify mutations in FH-deficient smooth muscle tumors (SMTs).

Methods: The morphology of SMTs and kidney tumors submitted to a national reference laboratory for FH immunohistochemistry (IHC) was reviewed by two gynecologic and two genitourinary pathologists, respectively.