A novel training session: mixed reality evisceration surgery webinar.

Background: Evisceration surgery is an important part of an ophthalmologist's skillset but is an uncommon procedure. Therefore, it is important for training ophthalmologists to have adequate knowledge and confidence in this procedure to maximise learning opportunities. Mixed reality involves the intertwining of real and virtual environments and has been used successfully in surgical training.

Model of graphene nanobubble: Combining classical density functional and elasticity theories.

A graphene nanobubble consists of a graphene sheet, an atomically flat substrate, and a substance enclosed between them. Unlike conventional confinement with rigid walls and a fixed volume, the graphene nanobubble has one stretchable wall, which is the graphene sheet, and its volume can be adjusted by changing the shape. In this study, we developed a model of a graphene nanobubble based on classical density functional theory and the elastic theory of membranes.

Modeling of the phase transition inside graphene nanobubbles filled with ethane.

Graphene nanobubbles consist of a substance that is trapped between graphene sheets and atomically flat substrates. This substance is an example of confinement in which both the bulk and surface interactions and the tension of the graphene determine the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the system. The van der Waals pressure build up due to the graphene-substrate attraction and surface influence facilitates the advanced condensation of trapped substances.

Liquid-gas phase transition of Ar inside graphene nanobubbles on the graphite substrate.

Graphene nanobubbles (GNBs) are formed when a substance is trapped between a graphene sheet (a 2D crystal) and an atomically flat substrate. The physical state of the substance inside GNBs can vary from the gas phase to crystal clusters. In this paper, we present a theoretical description of the gas-liquid phase transition of argon inside GNBs.