Projections between the globus pallidus externa and cortex span motor and non-motor regions.

The globus pallidus externa (GPe) is a heterogenous nucleus of the basal ganglia, with intricate connections to other basal ganglia nuclei, as well as direct connections to the cortex. The anatomic, molecular and electrophysiologic properties of cortex-projecting pallidocortical neurons are not well characterized. Here we show that pallidocortical neurons project to diverse motor and non-motor cortical regions, are organized topographically in the GPe, and segregate into two distinct electrophysiological and molecular phenotypes.

Tubulotrabecular adenocarcinoma of the nasopharynx operated by transoral and transpalatal approach in a cat.

Case Summary: A 10-year-old castrated male crossbreed Birman cat was presented for respiratory difficulties, nasal discharge, dysphagia and wheezing. An obstructive nasopharyngeal mass invading the caudoventral nasal cavity and the left sphenoid sinus was observed on a CT scan. Surgical treatment via a ventral rhinotomy and curettage was performed.

Widespread Neuroanatomical Integration and Distinct Electrophysiological Properties of Glioma-Innervating Neurons.

Unlabelled: Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors and are often associated with severe neurological deficits and mortality. Unlike many cancers, gliomas rarely metastasize outside the brain, indicating a possible dependency on unique features of brain microenvironment. Synapses between neurons and glioma cells exist, suggesting that glioma cells rely on neuronal inputs and synaptic signaling for proliferation.

Synthesis and Antiproliferative Effect of New Alkyne-Tethered Vindoline Hybrids Containing Pharmacophoric Fragments.

In the frame of our diversity-oriented research on multitarget small molecule anticancer agents, utilizing convergent synthetic sequences terminated by Sonogashira coupling reactions, a preliminary selection of representative alkyne-tethered vindoline hybrids was synthesized. The novel hybrids with additional pharmacophoric fragments of well-documented anticancer agents, including FDA-approved tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (imatinib and erlotinib) or ferrocene or chalcone units, were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on malignant cell lines MDA-MB-231 (triple negative breast cancer), A2780 (ovarian cancer), HeLa (human cervical cancer), and SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) as well as on human embryonal lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5, which served as a reference non-malignant cell line for the assessment of the therapeutic window of the tested hybrids. The biological assays identified a trimethoxyphenyl-containing chalcone-vindoline hybrid () as a promising lead compound exhibiting submicromolar activity on A2780 cells with a marked therapeutic window.