Early-life stress biases responding to negative feedback and increases amygdala volume and vulnerability to later-life stress.

Early-life stress (ELS) or adversity, particularly in the form of childhood neglect and abuse, is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes in adulthood. However, whether these relationships are mediated by the consequences of ELS itself or by other exposures that frequently co-occur with ELS is unclear. To address this question, we carried out a longitudinal study in rats to isolate the effects of ELS on regional brain volumes and behavioral phenotypes relevant to anxiety and depression.

Multicentre evaluation of renal impairment in thoracic surgery (MERITS): a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To measure the unit-level variation in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) incidence post-thoracic surgery over a contemporary 1-year period. Secondary aims include examining the associations with sex, age group, operation type, length of stay and mortality.

Design: A multicentre, observational, retrospective study in thoracic surgery.

Early-life stress and inflammation: A systematic review of a key experimental approach in rodents.

Repeated maternal separation is the most widely used pre-clinical approach to investigate the relationship between early-life chronic stress and its neuropsychiatric and physical consequences. In this systematic review, we identified 46 studies that conducted repeated maternal separation or single-episode maternal separation and reported measurements of interleukin-1b, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, or microglia activation and density. We report that in the short-term and in the context of later-life stress, repeated maternal separation has pro-inflammatory immune consequences in diverse tissues.

Neuroglial interactions underpinning myelin plasticity.

The CNS is extremely responsive to an ever-changing environment. Studies of neural circuit plasticity focus almost exclusively on functional and structural changes of neuronal synapses. In recent years, however, myelin plasticity has emerged as a potential modulator of neuronal networks.