Overview of Sport-Specific Injuries.

Athletes are at risk for a variety of injuries not typically sustained in everyday life. The team physician must be capable of not only identifying and treating injuries as they occur, but he or she must be armed with the knowledge to minimize the risk of injuries before they occur. This review serves to provide an overview of the various sport-specific injuries typically encountered by team physicians.

Meniscal Injuries: Mechanism and Classification.

Meniscal tears may be managed through conservative physical therapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications or operative intervention. Meniscal repair is superior to partial meniscectomy with better functional outcomes and less severe degenerative changes over time. Surgical advances in operative techniques, modern instrumentation and biological enhancements collectively improve healing rates of meniscal repair.

Pathoanatomy of Shoulder Instability in Collegiate Female Athletes.

Background: Shoulder instability has been well described in young men; however, few studies have specifically evaluated the pathoanatomy and unique spectrum of injuries in women with shoulder instability.

Purpose: To describe the pathoanatomy of operative shoulder instability in a collegiate female cohort.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Primary and Posttraumatic Knee Osteoarthritis in the Military.

Osteoarthritis is a particularly burdensome and career-limiting condition for military service members. The daily demands of military service place the service members at a baseline increased risk of developing primary OA as well as increased risk of acute knee injuries that further predispose to developing posttraumatic OA. There are multiple treatment options available for primary and posttraumatic OA from osteotomy to arthroplasty.

Change in KOOS and WOMAC Scores in a Young Athletic Population With and Without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.

Background: Several studies have examined changes in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, but no studies to date have prospectively evaluated changes from preinjury baseline through injury and follow-up among ACL-injured patients compared to the baseline and follow-up changes of uninjured patients.

Purpose: To examine changes in PROMs over time from preinjury baseline to at least 2 years after ACL reconstruction and to compare these changes with those of an uninjured control group having similar physical activity requirements.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Septic Arthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Clinical and Functional Outcomes Based on Graft Retention or Removal.

Background: There remains a debate over whether to retain the index anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft in the setting of septic arthritis.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare clinical outcomes for the treatment of septic arthritis after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in those with and without early graft retention.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

The Success of Hip Arthroscopy in an Active Duty Population.

Purpose: To examine the outcomes of arthroscopic treatment of the hip in a young, active military population. Specifically, the ability to return to duty was the prime indicator of success. In addition, an objective evaluation of various demographic and surgery-related variables was performed to identify predictors for success or failure of treatment in this military population.

Local application of free antibiotic powder in the treatment of osteomyelitis in a rat model.

To date, several strategies have been developed to provide local antibiotic therapy in the treatment of osteomyelitis, such as antibiotic-loaded bone cement, antibiotic-impregnated collagen sponges, polymethylmethacrylate beads, antibiotic-loaded bone graft, antibiotic-loaded synthetic bone substitutes, and antibiotic-coated implants. The optimum carrier for local antibiotic therapy has not been identified. Tibial osteomyelitis using methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was created in a rat model.

Effects of supplemental oxygen and hyperbaric oxygen on tendon healing in a rat model.

Systemic supplemental oxygen therapy (SOT) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) have been shown to positively impact wound healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of SOT and HBOT on tendon healing in a rat tendon model. The right patellar tendon of 90 male Sprague-Dawley rats was completely sectioned.