Energy metabolism and hematology of white-tailed deer fawns.

Resting metabolic rates, weight gains and hematologic profiles of six newborn, captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns (four females, two males) were determined during the first 3 mo of life. Estimated mean daily weight gain of fawns was 0.2 kg.

Effects of oestradiol cypionate on spontaneous and oxytocin-stimulated postpartum myometrial activity in the cow.

The effects of oestradiol cypionate (ECP) on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced postpartum myometrial activity were measured in four cows using strain gauge transducers (SGT). On the first day after parturition, prior to treatment with ECP, myometrial activity consisted mainly of single-peak contractions (mean frequency 9.6/h, mean duration 141.

Thermal insulation of young calves exposed to cold.

Tissue, external and whole animal insulation values were determined for 12 newborn male Holstein calves continuously housed for two weeks in hutches within environmental chambers in which temperature was maintained at a constant 17 degrees C (three calves) or cycled on a daily basis either between -20 degrees and -8 degrees C (three calves) or between -30 degrees and -18 degrees C (six calves). Three of the six calves at the coldest temperature were outfitted with an insulated coat. The insulated coat provided calves a 52% increase in total insulation.

Health and metabolic responses of young calves housed at -30 degrees C to -8 degrees C.

Newborn, male, Holstein calves, were continuously housed for three weeks in calf hutches at 17 degrees C or in a thermal environment which varied rhythmically on a daily basis either between -20 degrees C and -8 degrees C (experiment A) or between -30 degrees C and -18 degrees C (experiment B). Compared to warm-housed calves, cold-housed calves in experiment A had metabolic rates which were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in a standing position but which were not significantly different (p less than 0.

Myometrial activity during natural and dexamethasone-induced parturition in the cow.

Myometrial activity was monitored during natural and dexamethasone-induced parturition in 8 Holstein dairy cattle, using strain gauge transducers. Four gauges were attached to the serosal surface of the gravid uterine horn, dividing it into thirds. Parturition was induced in 2 of 4 heifers and 2 of 4 cows (group 1); the remaining animals were allowed to calve spontaneously (group 2).

Digestive parameters in young turkeys fed yucca saponin.

Yucca saponin fed in a concentration of 63 ppm to turkey poults at 6 to 14 weeks of age did not significantly improve weight gains, feed conversion, or digestive coefficients. Compared with nonstressed control groups, saponin-fed poults did not have significantly greater average weight gains or feed intakes when stressed by crowding (3 poults per cage) or by adding ammonia to the atmosphere (30 to 35 ppm).

Bioavailability of phosphorus in commercial phosphate supplements for turkeys.

Forty-seven commercial phosphorus supplements were obtained from feed manufacturers and subjected to biological phosphorus availability assay using the turkey poult. Bone ash was the response criterion. Compared to a reference source of commercial mono/ dicalcium phosphate (assigned 100), 7 other mono/ dicalcium phosphates averaged 97.

Effect of dietary sodium fluoride on growth and bone development in growing turkeys.

Large White male turkeys were fed rations containing 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 ppm added fluoride (F) from sodium fluoride in a corn-soybean assay diet containing tricalcium phosphate and 3 to 5 ppm F. The 800 ppm treatment was discontinued at 8 weeks because of low weight gains and a high incidence of leg disorders.

Osseous development and tibial dyschondroplasia in five lines of turkeys.

Tibiotarsi and femurs from five genetic lines of turkeys from 8 to 39 weeks of age were examined to define the characteristics of normal bones. Bone lengths and body weights are presented. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) frequently was detected on gross examination and by high-detail radiography.

Field rickets in turkey poults: biochemical findings.

Two clinical cases of field rickets and one of nutritional rickets in turkey poults were studied. Plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and vitamin D metabolites were determined. Concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase in affected poults were typical of nutritional rickets.

"Field rickets" in turkey poults: field observations and pathological, radiological, and serological findings.

Two field cases of field rickets in turkey poults were studied. The primary observation was lameness, and the sole necropsy finding of significance was hypomineralization of bone. This finding was confirmed radiographically; thin cortices and wide growth plates were noted.

Acquired resistance in turkey poults to Pasteurella multocida (P-1059 strain) during aflatoxin consumption.

The potential for impairment by aflatoxin of the development of acquired immunity to fowl cholera in 8 week old turkey poults from a commercial flock was investigated by challenge of vaccinated poults at 10, 12, and 16 weeks of age. Sixty poults were allotted to 4 groups: A) aflatoxin fed, nonvaccinated; B) aflatoxin fed, vaccinated; C) control fed, nonvaccinated; and D) control fed, vaccinated. Aflatoxin B-1 (.

Studies of methods for in situ observation of gastric motility in domestic turkeys.

The normal gastroduodenal contraction cycle of turkeys is believed to be controlled and coordinated by the myenteric plexus which lies just under the serosa of the muscular stomach. Methods which would permit direct application of chemical and physical stimuli to these gastric nerves were studied in intact and decerebrate turkeys using both radiographic and direct observations to monitor contraction cycles. In intact turkeys, general anesthetics (sodium pentobarbital, halothane; and ketamine hydrochloride) inhibited gastric motility.