Functional Role of the Incisive Duct in Neonatal Dogs.

Introduction: The detection of chemical signals by the vomeronasal organ (VNO) is critical for mammals from an early age, influencing behaviors such as suckling and recognition of the mother. Located at the base of the nasal cavity, the VNO features a duct covered with a sensory epithelium. A critical aspect of VNO functionality is the efficient access of stimuli from the nasal and oral cavities to the receptors.

The Effect of the Extraction Conditions on the Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compounds Content in Ethanolic Extracts of Root.

Ethanolic extracts of Baikal skullcap () root were obtained using various techniques, such as maceration, maceration with shaking, ultrasound-assisted extraction, reflux extraction, and Soxhlet extraction. The influence of the type and time of isolation technique on the extraction process was studied, and the quality of the obtained extracts was determined by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods to find the optimal extraction conditions. Radical scavenging activity of the extracts was analyzed using DPPH assay, while total phenolic content (TPC) was analyzed by the method with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent.

Evaluation of the Quality of Guinea Fowl () Eggs from Free-Range Farming Depending on the Storage Period and Age of Laying Hens.

The aim of the study was to determine the changes occurring in the eggs of helmeted guinea fowl () from free-range farming in relation to the laying season and storage time. The experimental material consisted of 360 guinea fowl eggs, collected in the first, second and third laying seasons and stored for 7, 14 and 21 days. After each period, physical and physicochemical characteristics of the eggs were determined, as well as the basic chemical composition and mineral content of the albumen and yolk and the yolk fatty acid profile.

Microbial community structure of plant-based meat alternatives.

A reduction in animal-based diets has driven market demand for alternative meat products, currently raising a new generation of plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs). It remains unclear whether these substitutes are a short-lived trend or become established in the long term. Over the last few years, the trend of increasing sales and diversifying product range has continued, but publication activities in this field are currently limited mainly to market research and food technology topics.

Improved sampling and DNA extraction procedures for microbiome analysis in food-processing environments.

Deep investigation of the microbiome of food-production and food-processing environments through whole-metagenome sequencing (WMS) can provide detailed information on the taxonomic composition and functional potential of the microbial communities that inhabit them, with huge potential benefits for environmental monitoring programs. However, certain technical challenges jeopardize the application of WMS technologies with this aim, with the most relevant one being the recovery of a sufficient amount of DNA from the frequently low-biomass samples collected from the equipment, tools and surfaces of food-processing plants. Here, we present the first complete workflow, with optimized DNA-purification methodology, to obtain high-quality WMS sequencing results from samples taken from food-production and food-processing environments and reconstruct metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs).

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Gentamicin in Combination with Essential Oils Isolated from Different Cultivars and Morphological Parts of Lavender ( Mill.) against Selected Bacterial Strains.

The aim of the study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of essential oils isolated from different cultivars and morphological parts of lavender ( Mill.) in combination with the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin. This in vitro study analyzed the effectiveness of the combinations of gentamicin and lavender essential oils against the following strains: ATCC 25923, MRSA and ATCC 9027.

Characterization of and during Cooked Pork Ham Processing.

Cooked ham is a popular, ready-to-eat product made of pork meat that is susceptible to microbial growth throughout its shelf life. In this study, we aimed to monitor the microbial growth and composition of nine vacuum-packed cooked ham lots using plate counting until the microbial limit of 7.4 log AMC/LAB CFU/g was exceeded.

Urinary Proteins of Female Domestic Dog () during Ovarian Cycle.

The presence and identity of non-volatile chemical signals remain elusive in canines. In this study, we aim to evaluate the urinary proteins of female domestic dogs in the estrus and anestrus phases to evidence the presence of non-volatile chemical signals and to elucidate their identities. We collected urine samples from eight female dogs in the estrus and anestrus phases.

Mineral, Nutritional, and Phytochemical Composition and Baking Properties of Teff and Watermelon Seed Flours.

Demonstrated limitations in the mineral and nutritional composition of refined flours have led to calls for the possibility of enriching them with health-promoting supplements, such as high-value non-cereal seeds. Teff and watermelon seeds have been found suitable for the production of gluten-free flour, but so far, their potential to enrich conventional baking flours has not been comprehensively studied. Hence, the present study aimed at farinographic evaluation of dough based on refined wheat flour with additions of whole white teff (TF) and watermelon seed (WSF) and pomace (DWSF) flours (tested levels 10%, 20%, and 30%), as well as possibly extensive chemical characterization of the plant material tested, including LC-MS/MS, GC-MS, total phenolics, flavonoids, melatonin, and antioxidant potential.

Essential Oils as Effective Enhancers of Fluconazole Antifungal Activity against .

The increasing prevalence of resistance to commercial antifungal agents in recent decades has prompted modern medicine and veterinary medicine to search for combined treatment options. The aim of the study was to determine the activity of essential oils from different cultivars and morphological parts of the medicinal lavender () in combination with fluconazole against ATCC 10231 strain. The effect of the combination of lavender essential oil with fluconazole was tested using the checkerboard method, and the obtained results were interpreted on the basis of fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs).

The influence of manual semen collection in male trained dogs (Canis familiaris), in the presence or absence of a female in estrus, on the concentrations of cortisol, oxytocin, prolactin and testosterone.

Sex pheromones are chemical substances secreted into the environment that affect the physiology and behavior of recipients. Females use these compounds during oestrus to attract males, which leads to attempts of mating. This study evaluates the influence of manual semen collection in male dogs, in the presence or absence of a female in estrus, on the blood concentrations of cortisol (CRT), oxytocin (OXT), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T), as hormones involved both in the physiology of reproduction and stress.

Canine Smell Preferences-Do Dogs Have Their Favorite Scents?

The available evidence on dogs' scent preferences is quite limited. The purpose of this study was to verify the canine response to selected odors that may also be preferred by humans. The experiment was performed using 14 adult dogs (10 female and 4 male) of different breeds, body size, and age (1-14 years).

Metatranscriptomic Analyses Unravel Dynamic Changes in the Microbial and Metabolic Transcriptional Profiles in Artisanal Austrian Hard-Cheeses During Ripening.

Vorarlberger Bergkäse (VB) is an artisanal Austrian washed-rind hard cheese produced from alpine cows' raw milk without the addition of ripening cultures. Ripening time is a key factor in VB, as it strongly influences the microbial communities present in the cheeses and the organoleptic properties of the product. In this study, the microbial and metabolic transcriptional profiles in VB rinds at different ripening times were investigated.

Influence of a Single Dose of Meloxicam Administrated during Canine Estrus on Progesterone Concentration and Fertility-A Clinical Case Study.

This case report presents an observation of the influence of meloxicam administration, during the periovulatory phase, on corpora lutea function in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). A 2 year old female German Shepherd dog, with a level of progesterone suggestive of the periovulatory period (5.97 ng/mL), received a single subcutaneous injection of meloxicam (0.

The Case of Atypical Sexual Attractiveness in a Male Domestic Dog-A Case Study.

During the ovarian cycle in domestic dogs, females do not accept males during the first days of estrus but become attractive to males from the beginning of proestrus, with this attractiveness persisting until the end of the estrus phase. It is believed that increased estradiol is responsible for the female attractiveness to the males. In this paper we describe the case of strong, but atypical attractiveness of a castrated male to various, adult, intact males, influenced by the emitted semiochemical signals.

Canine Olfaction: Physiology, Behavior, and Possibilities for Practical Applications.

Olfaction in dogs is crucial for gathering important information about the environment, recognizing individuals, making decisions, and learning. It is far more specialized and sensitive than humans' sense of smell. Using the strength of dogs' sense of smell, humans work with dogs for the recognition of different odors, with a precision far exceeding the analytical capabilities of most modern instruments.

Prognostic value of copeptin in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Ischemic myocardial injury leads to neurohormonal system activation and increased release of copeptin. Although diagnostic value of copeptin has been widely described, data on its prognostic performance in patients with myocardial infarction is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to asses if elevated copeptin concentration provides prognostic information for long-term adverse cardiac events in a cohort of first acute myocardial infarction patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.

Decreased Size of Mammary Tumors Caused by Preoperative Treatment with Aglepristone in Female Domestic Dogs () Do Not Influence the Density of the Benign Neoplastic Tissue Measured Using Shear Wave Elastography Technique.

Shear wave elastography (SWE) can be useful to discriminate between malignant and benign mammary tumors. In dogs with elevated progesterone levels compared to the baseline and fast-growing tumors, treatment with the use of aglepristone allows for tumor size reduction, which facilitates surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the preoperative treatment of benign mammary tumors (BMTs), performed with the use of aglepristone, on the density of the tumor tissue measured by SWE.

Co-Occurrence of spp. and Spoilage Associated Microbiota During Meat Processing Due to Cross-Contamination Events.

A large part of foodborne outbreaks related to are linked to meat and meat products. Especially, recontamination of meat products and deli-meat during slicing, packaging, and repackaging is in the focus of food authorities. In that regard, persistence in multi-species biofilms is one major issue, since they survive elaborate cleaning and disinfection measures.

Austrian Raw-Milk Hard-Cheese Ripening Involves Successional Dynamics of Non-Inoculated Bacteria and Fungi.

Cheese ripening involves successional changes of the rind microbial composition that harbors a key role on the quality and safety of the final products. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of the rind microbiota (bacteria and fungi) throughout the ripening of Austrian Vorarlberger Bergkäse (VB), an artisanal surface-ripened cheese, by using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The real-time quantitative PCR results revealed that bacteria were more abundant than fungi in VB rinds throughout ripening, although both kingdoms were abundant along the process.

The Role of Urine in Semiochemical Communication between Females and Males of Domestic Dog ( during Estrus.

This study aimed to assess the mechanisms of semiochemical signal detection in dogs. In the first experiment, five males were exposed to volatile semiochemicals emitted by a live female in estrus and the female's urine sample collected during estrus. The odor of canine food and clean air were used as controls.

Co-infection of Chicken Layers With and Avian Pathogenic Is Associated With Dysbiosis, Cecal Colonization and Translocation of the Bacteria From the Gut Lumen.

Histomonosis in chickens often appears together with colibacillosis in the field. Thus, we have experimentally investigated consequences of the co-infection of birds with and avian pathogenic (APEC) on the pathology, host microbiota and bacterial translocation from the gut. Commercial chicken layers were infected via oral and cloacal routes with -tagged APEC with or without whereas negative controls were left uninfected.

PacBio and Illumina MiSeq Amplicon Sequencing Confirm Full Recovery of the Bacterial Community After Subacute Ruminal Acidosis Challenge in the RUSITEC System.

The impact of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) on the rumen bacterial community has been frequently studied in trials. Here we investigated whether these alterations can be mirrored by using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) as an model for this disease. We hypothezised that the bacterial community fully recovers after a subacute ruminal acidosis challenge.

The sources and transmission routes of microbial populations throughout a meat processing facility.

Microbial food spoilage is responsible for a considerable amount of waste and can cause food-borne diseases in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and children. Therefore, preventing microbial food spoilage is a major concern for health authorities, regulators, consumers, and the food industry. However, the contamination of food products is difficult to control because there are several potential sources during production, processing, storage, distribution, and consumption, where microorganisms come in contact with the product.