Fin whale song evolution in the North Atlantic.

Animal songs can change within and between populations as the result of different evolutionary processes. When these processes include cultural transmission, the social learning of information or behaviours from conspecifics, songs can undergo rapid evolutions because cultural novelties can emerge more frequently than genetic mutations. Understanding these song variations over large temporal and spatial scales can provide insights into the patterns, drivers and limits of song evolution that can ultimately inform on the species' capacity to adapt to rapidly changing acoustic environments.

Strontium-loaded hydrogel scaffolds to promote gingival fibroblast function.

Dental implant clinical success is dependent on effective peri-implant tissue attachment to the trans-mucosal portion following placement. Modification of transmucosal implant surfaces can improve cellular adhesion and function leading to formation of an effective soft-tissue seal during healing, of which gingival fibroblasts are prominent cells to migrate to repair wounds and crucial for the development of a collagen rich connective tissue. Biocompatible loaded scaffold materials have been developed to allow local release of molecules with effective biological activity.

Efficacy of CPP-ACP fluoride varnish applied with and without acid etching in preventing enamel demineralization compared to light-curable fluoride varnish.

Objectives: To compare efficacy of casein phosphopeptide (CPP)-amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) fluoride varnish and light-curable resin modified glass ionomer fluoride varnish (FV) in preventing white spot lesions and evaluating acid etching prior to CPP-ACPFV application on its efficacy.

Materials And Methods: Molars and premolars were transected and halves divided into four groups (n = 18/group): (1) resin-modified glass ionomer FV: etched and Clinpro-XT varnish (3M ESPE, Pymble, New South Wales, Australia) application; (2) CPP-ACPFV: MI varnish (GC America, Alsip, IL) application; (3) Etch+CPP-ACPFV: etched and MI varnish application; (4) Control: etched and no surface treatment. To simulate 12 weeks in an intraoral environment, samples were subjected to thermocycling, brushing, and pH cycling.

An open access dataset for developing automated detectors of Antarctic baleen whale sounds and performance evaluation of two commonly used detectors.

Since 2001, hundreds of thousands of hours of underwater acoustic recordings have been made throughout the Southern Ocean south of 60° S. Detailed analysis of the occurrence of marine mammal sounds in these circumpolar recordings could provide novel insights into their ecology, but manual inspection of the entirety of all recordings would be prohibitively time consuming and expensive. Automated signal processing methods have now developed to the point that they can be applied to these data in a cost-effective manner.

Seasonal trends and primary contributors to the low-frequency soundscape of the Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary.

Passive acoustic monitoring of ocean soundscapes can provide information on ecosystem status for those tasked with protecting marine resources. In 2015, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) established a long-term, continuous, low-frequency (10 Hz-2 kHz) passive acoustic monitoring site in the Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary (CBNMS), located offshore of the central United States of America (U.S.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: Current clinical significance and treatment strategy review.

Purpose: This review paper is intended to provide updated information about the significance of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) related to dental departments and also to provide treatment information. However, it does not review anti-resorptive related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ).

Methods: PubMED was searched for published articles on BRONJ that have particular relevance to clinical aspects in orthodontics, endodontics, periodontics, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, implants and treatment planning.

Multi-year occurrence of sei whale calls in North Atlantic polar waters.

In 2009-2014, autonomous hydrophones were deployed on established long-term moorings in the Fram Strait and Greenland Sea to record multi-year, seasonal occurrence of vocalizing cetaceans. Sei whales have rarely been observed north of ∼72°N, yet there was acoustic evidence of sei whale presence in the Fram Strait for several months during all five years of the study. More sei whale calls were recorded at the easternmost moorings in the Fram Strait, likely because of the presence of warm Atlantic water and a strong front concentrating prey in this area.

Ocean sound levels in the northeast Pacific recorded from an autonomous underwater glider.

Ocean gliders are a quiet and efficient mobile autonomous platform for passive acoustic monitoring and oceanographic measurements in remote marine environments. During July 20-August 6 2012, we used a Teledyne Webb Research Slocum G2 glider equipped with a hydrophone logging system to record ocean sound along a 458 km north to south traverse of the outer continental shelf break along the U.S.

Strontium Effects on Human Gingival Fibroblasts.

Strontium is a naturally occurring alkaline earth metal that has been shown to be useful not only in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis but also in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity in the oral cavity; strontium is also an effective cariostatic, antiplaque, antigingivitis agent. Relatively little is known, however, about the effects of strontium on gingival fibroblasts. The purpose of the present investigation was to conduct in vitro studies on the potential for strontium to positively affect the activity of these cells such that it might be effective in the enhancement of gingival attachment to surfaces, such as healing abutments in implants in the oral cavity.

Spatial and temporal trends in fin whale vocalizations recorded in the NE Pacific Ocean between 2003-2013.

In order to study the long-term stability of fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) singing behavior, the frequency and inter-pulse interval of fin whale 20 Hz vocalizations were observed over 10 years from 2003-2013 from bottom mounted hydrophones and seismometers in the northeast Pacific Ocean. The instrument locations extended from 40°N to 48°N and 130°W to 125°W with water depths ranging from 1500-4000 m. The inter-pulse interval (IPI) of fin whale song sequences was observed to increase at a rate of 0.

Trace DNA Sampling Success from Evidence Items Commonly Encountered in Forensic Casework.

Trace DNA analysis is a significant part of a forensic laboratory's workload. Knowing optimal sampling strategies and item success rates for particular item types can assist in evidence selection and examination processes and shorten turnaround times. In this study, forensic short tandem repeat (STR) casework results were reviewed to determine how often STR profiles suitable for comparison were obtained from "handler" and "wearer" areas of 764 items commonly submitted for examination.

A pulsed-air model of blue whale B call vocalizations.

Blue whale sound production has been thought to occur by Helmholtz resonance via air flowing from the lungs into the upper respiratory spaces. This implies that the frequency of blue whale vocalizations might be directly proportional to the size of their sound-producing organs. Here we present a sound production mechanism where the fundamental and overtone frequencies of blue whale B calls can be well modeled using a series of short-duration (<1 s) wavelets.

Biocompatibility and bond degradation of poly-acrylic acid coated copper iodide-adhesives.

Objective: To investigate the effect of poly-acrylic acid (PAA) copper iodide (CuI) adhesives on bond degradation, tensile strength, and biocompatibility.

Methods: PAA-CuI particles were incorporated into Optibond XTR, Optibond Solo and XP Bond in 0.1 and 0.

The combination of nano-calcium sulfate/platelet rich plasma gel scaffold with BMP2 gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells promotes bone regeneration in rat critical-sized calvarial defects.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be differentiated into an osteoblastic lineage in the presence of growth factors (GFs). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which can be easily isolated from whole blood, contains a large amount of GFs, and, therefore, promotes bone growth and regeneration. The main goal of this work was to develop and investigate the effect of a new sandwich-like bone scaffold which combines a nano-calcium sulfate (nCS) disc along with PRP fibrin gel (nCS/PRP) with BMP2-modified MSCs on bone repair and regeneration in rat critical-sized calvarial defects.

Seismic constraints on caldera dynamics from the 2015 Axial Seamount eruption.

Seismic observations in volcanically active calderas are challenging. A new cabled observatory atop Axial Seamount on the Juan de Fuca ridge allows unprecedented real-time monitoring of a submarine caldera. Beginning on 24 April 2015, the seismic network captured an eruption that culminated in explosive acoustic signals where lava erupted on the seafloor.

Promotion of cells to close gaps and encourage cell coverage, by radio frequency glow discharge treatment.

Exposure of dental abutments to cleaning and sterilizing Radio Frequency Glow Discharge Treatment (RFGDT) triggered greater degrees of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) attachment and spreading over their surfaces. Enhanced cell growth and metabolic activity of such HGFs were found which might lead to improved cellular margins in the smile-revealing "esthetic zone". This investigation, approved by the Institutional Review Board, employed in vitro studies of HGFs to support in vivo clinical applications of differentially treated titanium healing abutments to demonstrate the possible improvements for tissue growth around dental implants.

Hybrid Biomaterial with Conjugated Growth Factors and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Ectopic Bone Formation.

Bone is a highly vascularized tissue and efficient bone regeneration requires neovascularization, especially for critical-sized bone defects. We developed a novel hybrid biomaterial comprising nanocalcium sulfate (nCS) and fibrin hydrogel to deliver mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), to promote neovascularization and bone formation. MSC and growth factor(s)-loaded scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously into mice to examine their angiogenic and osteogenic potential.

Calls reveal population structure of blue whales across the southeast Indian Ocean and the southwest Pacific Ocean.

For effective species management, understanding population structure and distribution is critical. However, quantifying population structure is not always straightforward. Within the Southern Hemisphere, the blue whale () complex is extremely diverse but difficult to study.

Micro-Computed tomography (CT) based assessment of dental regenerative therapy in the canine mandible model.

High-resolution 3D bone-tissue structure measurements may provide information critical to the understanding of the bone regeneration processes and to the bone strength assessment. Tissue engineering studies rely on such nondestructive measurements to monitor bone graft regeneration area. In this study, we measured bone yield, fractal dimension and trabecular thickness through micro-CT slices for different grafts and controls.

Combination of Controlled Release Platelet-Rich Plasma Alginate Beads and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration.

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) consists of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-β that increase proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), whereas bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) promotes osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. However, the high degradation rate of fibrin leads to the dissociation of cytokines even before the process of bone regeneration begins. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine the combined effect of sustained release of PRP from alginate beads on BMP2-modified MSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro and sustained release of PRP alone on a fracture defect model ex vivo as well as its effect on calvarial suture closure.

Sources and levels of ambient ocean sound near the Antarctic Peninsula.

Arrays of hydrophones were deployed within the Bransfield Strait and Scotia Sea (Antarctic Peninsula region) from 2005 to 2009 to record ambient ocean sound at frequencies of up to 125 and 500 Hz. Icequakes, which are broadband, short duration signals derived from fracturing of large free-floating icebergs, are a prominent feature of the ocean soundscape. Icequake activity peaks during austral summer and is minimum during winter, likely following freeze-thaw cycles.

The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in regulation of osteoclastic and osteoblastic cells.

The bioactive lipid molecules, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid LPA) have recently emerged as potentially highly significant physiological and pathophysiological regulators of bone cell biology. Since compromised signaling by these bioactive lipids has been implicated in the etiology of disorders such as inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, their role in bone biology can be a key influence in the coordination of the events underlying osteoimmunology. Both S1P and LPA have been shown to have receptor-mediated effects on osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation critical to bone formation and on osteoclastic cell action and regulation of bone resorption.