Ca1.1 Calcium Channel Signaling Complexes in Excitation-Contraction Coupling: Insights from Channelopathies.

In skeletal muscle, excitation-contraction (EC) coupling relies on the mechanical coupling between two ion channels: the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (Ca1.1), located in the sarcolemma and functioning as the voltage sensor of EC coupling, and the ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum serving as the calcium release channel. To this day, the molecular mechanism by which these two ion channels are linked remains elusive.

Glaucoma progression. Clinical practice guide.

Objective: To provide general recommendations that serve as a guide for the evaluation and management of glaucomatous progression in daily clinical practice based on the existing quality of clinical evidence.

Methods: After defining the objectives and scope of the guide, the working group was formed and structured clinical questions were formulated following the PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) format. Once all the existing clinical evidence had been independently evaluated with the AMSTAR 2 (Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews) and Cochrane "Risk of bias" tools by at least two reviewers, recommendations were formulated following the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline network (SIGN) methodology.

Endoscope-Assisted Carlevale Lens Implantation in Patients Without Capsular Support: A Novel Surgical Approach to Ensure Correct Lens Positioning.

Purpose: To describe endoscope-assisted Carlevale intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods: Twelve eyes underwent posterior vitrectomy combined with Carlevale IOL implantation and endoscopy in a single procedure, using a technique developed by the authors. Transscleral incisions were performed under direct visualization of the sulcus using the endoscope, and the final lens position was checked at the end of each intervention.

Excessive release of inorganic polyphosphate by ALS/FTD astrocytes causes non-cell-autonomous toxicity to motoneurons.

Non-cell-autonomous mechanisms contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), in which astrocytes release unidentified factors that are toxic to motoneurons (MNs). We report here that mouse and patient iPSC-derived astrocytes with diverse ALS/FTD-linked mutations (SOD1, TARDBP, and C9ORF72) display elevated levels of intracellular inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a ubiquitous, negatively charged biopolymer. PolyP levels are also increased in astrocyte-conditioned media (ACM) from ALS/FTD astrocytes.

Annexin A3: a newly identified player in store‑operated calcium entry.

Store‑operated calcium entry (SOCE) is important for refilling endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores and Ca2+ signaling. Extracellular Ca2+ is conducted by highly Ca2+‑selective Orai channels that are activated by stromal interaction molecule proteins (STIMs), which are sensitive ER Ca2+ sensors. We found an approximately five‑fold increase in annexin A3a (anxa3a) expression levels in stim2b knockout zebrafish.

Surgical Management for Refractory Bleb Dysesthesia.

Purpose: To present long-term results of modified bleb-limiting conjunctivoplasty as a successful treatment for intractable bleb dysesthesia and to review the literature on the surgical management of dysesthetic bleb.

Methods: Consecutive case series and literature review. We present four cases of surgically reduced painful blebs.

SD-OCT peripapillary nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell complex parameters in glaucoma: principal component analysis.

Background/aims: To identify objective glaucoma-related structural features based on peripapillary (p) and macular (m) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) parameters and assess their discriminative ability between healthy and glaucoma patients.

Methods: Two hundred and sixty eyes (91 controls and 169 glaucoma) were included in this prospective study. After a complete examination, all participants underwent the posterior pole and the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) protocols of the Spectralis SD-OCT.

STIM1 long and STIM1 gate differently TRPC1 during store-operated calcium entry.

During myogenesis, a long splice variant of STIM1, called STIM1L is getting expressed, while the level of STIM1 remains constant. Previous work demonstrated that STIM1L is more efficient in eliciting store-operated Ca entry (SOCE), but no current analysis of the channel(s) activated by this new STIM1L isoform was performed until now. In this study, we investigate the ionic channel(s) activated by STIM1L and whether differences exist between the two STIM1 isoforms, using HEK-293 T cells as a model system.

Swept source optical coherence tomography angiography in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: correlation with morphological and functional tests.

Purpose: To evaluate swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for more than 5 years and to compare results with the tests currently recommended for screening of HCQ retinopathy.

Methods: In this controlled pilot study, consecutive patients treated with HCQ for more than 5 years underwent SS-OCTA, SS-OCT B-scan and en-face C-scan, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), 10-2 automated visual field (AVF) testing and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). On SS-OCTA, evaluation of the retinal superficial capillary plexus, middle capillary plexus, and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and the choriocapillaris (CC) was obtained.

Macular Hole After Poppers (Alkyl Nitrate) Inhalation in a Child.

The authors present the first case of macular hole (MH) after a single inhalation of poppers. A 13-year-old girl presented with vision loss in the left eye (OS). Pediatric and neurology exams were normal.

Clinical Results of Diffractive, Refractive, Hybrid Multifocal, and Monofocal Intraocular Lenses.

Purpose: To present the outcomes of hybrid multifocal and monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and to compare with refractive and diffractive multifocal IOLs (MFIOLs).

Methods: Three hundred twenty eyes (160 patients) underwent cataract surgery with randomized IOLs bilateral implantation. Changes in uncorrected and distance-corrected logMAR distance, intermediate and near (UNVA and DCNVA) visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), presence of dysphotopsia, spectacle independence, and patient satisfaction were analyzed.

Visual outcome and complications of cataract extraction after pars plana vitrectomy.

Purpose: To evaluate the visual outcomes and complications of phacoemulsification in previously vitrectomized eyes.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 87 consecutive vitrectomized eyes (87 patients) which had undergone phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation between 2013 and 2016.

Results: The mean interval from pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) to cataract surgery (CS) was 18.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Spectralis SD OCT Automated Macular Layers Segmentation to Discriminate Normal from Early Glaucomatous Eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the macular retinal layer segmentation software of the Spectralis spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) device (Heidelberg Engineering, Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) to discriminate between healthy and early glaucoma (EG) eyes.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Subfoveal choroidal thickness changes in carotid cavernous fistula following spontaneous resolution.

Background: We report the enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) characteristics and variations in a patient with subretinal fluid secondary to a carotid cavernous fistula.

Case Presentation: A 59-year-old man presented with blurred vision in his right eye. Venous congestion of the epiescleral and retinal vessels were observed.

Bilateral polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy coexisting with exudative and atrophic age-related macular degeneration.

Objective: To present the case of simultaneous presentation of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and aged-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Case Report: An 83-year-old woman presented with decreased vision in the left eye (LE). In the examination there was an orange peripapillary lesion surrounded by lipid exudates and another subfoveal greyish lesion in the LE.

SURGICAL OUTCOME OF LATE IN-THE-BAG INTRAOCULAR LENS DISLOCATION TREATED WITH PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY.

Purpose: To present the visual outcome and postoperative complications of pars plana vitrectomy and intraocular lenses (IOL) removal with or without IOL exchange of late in-the-bag IOL dislocation after uneventful cataract surgery.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of 83 eyes with late in-the-bag dislocated IOL treated with pars plana vitrectomy and anterior chamber IOL (25 eyes), transscleral suture-fixated posterior chamber IOL (38 eyes), or aphakia (20 eyes).

Results: High myopia was the major predisposing factor (40%).

Near infrared light induces post-translational modifications of human red blood cell proteins.

There is a growing body of evidence that near infrared (NIR) light exerts beneficial effects on cells. Its usefulness in the treatment of cancer, acute brain injuries, strokes and neurodegenerative disorders has been proposed. The mechanism of the NIR action is probably of photochemical nature, however it is not fully understood.

Astrocytes expressing mutant SOD1 and TDP43 trigger motoneuron death that is mediated via sodium channels and nitroxidative stress.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal paralytic disorder caused by dysfunction and degeneration of motor neurons. Multiple disease-causing mutations, including in the genes for SOD1 and TDP-43, have been identified in ALS. Astrocytes expressing mutant SOD1 are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of ALS: we have shown that media conditioned by astrocytes carrying mutant SOD1(G93A) contains toxic factor(s) that kill motoneurons by activating voltage-sensitive sodium (Na v ) channels.