NERINE reveals rare variant associations in gene networks across multiple phenotypes and implicates an subnetwork in Parkinson's disease.

Gene networks encapsulate biological knowledge, often linked to polygenic diseases. While model system experiments generate many plausible gene networks, validating their role in human phenotypes requires evidence from human genetics. Rare variants provide the most straightforward path for such validation.

A pre-vertebrate endodermal origin of calcitonin-producing neuroendocrine cells.

Vertebrate calcitonin-producing cells (C-cells) are neuroendocrine cells that secrete the small peptide hormone calcitonin in response to elevated blood calcium levels. Whereas mouse C-cells reside within the thyroid gland and derive from pharyngeal endoderm, avian C-cells are located within ultimobranchial glands and have been reported to derive from the neural crest. We use a comparative cell lineage tracing approach in a range of vertebrate model systems to resolve the ancestral embryonic origin of vertebrate C-cells.

Rgp1 contributes to craniofacial cartilage development and Rab8a-mediated collagen II secretion.

Rgp1 was previously identified as a component of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex to activate Rab6a-mediated trafficking events in and around the Golgi. While the role of Rgp1 in protein trafficking has been examined and in yeast, the role of Rgp1 during vertebrate embryogenesis and protein trafficking is unknown. Using genetic, CRISPR-induced zebrafish mutants for Rgp1 loss-of-function, we found that Rgp1 is required for craniofacial cartilage development.

Metabolic coessentiality mapping identifies C12orf49 as a regulator of SREBP processing and cholesterol metabolism.

Coessentiality mapping has been useful to systematically cluster genes into biological pathways and identify gene functions. Here, using the debiased sparse partial correlation (DSPC) method, we construct a functional coessentiality map for cellular metabolic processes across human cancer cell lines. This analysis reveals 35 modules associated with known metabolic pathways and further assigns metabolic functions to unknown genes.

Neuronal overexpression of Ube3a isoform 2 causes behavioral impairments and neuroanatomical pathology relevant to 15q11.2-q13.3 duplication syndrome.

Maternally derived copy number gains of human chromosome 15q11.2-q13.3 (Dup15q syndrome or Dup15q) cause intellectual disability, epilepsy, developmental delay, hypotonia, speech impairments, and minor dysmorphic features.